* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download AP Psych Mid-Term Review
Cross-cultural psychology wikipedia , lookup
Psychological evaluation wikipedia , lookup
Attitude change wikipedia , lookup
Subfields of psychology wikipedia , lookup
Experimental psychology wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Educational psychology wikipedia , lookup
History of psychology wikipedia , lookup
Music psychology wikipedia , lookup
Dual process theory wikipedia , lookup
Social perception wikipedia , lookup
Learning theory (education) wikipedia , lookup
Behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Vladimir J. Konečni wikipedia , lookup
Reconstructive memory wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive psychology wikipedia , lookup
Classical conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Psychological injury wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Psychological behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Mid Term Jingles • • • • • • U1 History & Approaches U2 Research Methods U3 Biological Basis U4 Sensation & Perception U5 Consciousness U6 Learning On Review Sheet: • Add: – – – – William James Broca’s area Acetylcholine Biological psychology • Delete: – Prototype – Representative heuristic AP Psych Mid-Term Review 1. Who believed that the brain fluid held “animal spirits?” • Rene Descartes 2. The first psychological lab was established by: • Wilhelm Wundt 3. The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called: • Proactive interference 4. The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called: • Synapses 5. These type of psychologists focused on the importance of healthy growth potential. • Humanistic psychologists 6. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of _______________ and _______________. • Behavior and mental processes. 7. Pizza shops that reward customers with one free slice of pizza after every ten pizza purchases are using a _____________ reinforcement schedule. • Fixed-ratio 8. The disorder where a person has the cessation of breathing during sleep is called: • Sleep apnea 9. The process by which the lens of the eye changes shape to focus images on the retina is called: • accommodation 10. Monkeys at a zoo will repeat behaviors, such a slapping and signing, that prompt people to toss them a treat. This is an example of: • Operant conditioning 11. This is a testable prediction that gives direction to research. • Hypothesis 12. Thinking she had done well on her biology test, Jane was surprised to see that she only received an average grade on the test. This best illustrates: • Overconfidence 13. This type of processing involves analysis that begins with the sensory receptors. • Bottom-up processing 14. The depolarization of a neural membrane can create a(n): • Action potential 15. This is a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle. • Circadian rhythm 16. Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the APA? • Mary Calkins 17. Toddlers taught to fear white rats may also begin to fear other white fuzzy animals best illustrates: • Generalization 18. The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the: • Myelin sheath 19. This term refers to the reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron. • Reuptake 20. The early school of psychology known a Functionalism was developed by: • William James 21. The enduring traditions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people constitutes their: • culture 22. Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.? • Margaret Washburn 23. The minimum amount of stimulus a person needs to DETECT a stimulus 50% of the time is called the: • Absolute threshold 24. The longest part of a neuron is the: • Axon 25. Which psychologist emphasized the unconscious? • Sigmund Freud 26. This term refers to the reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage. • Drug tolerance 27. After listening to loud music for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loud the music is playing. This best illustrates: • Sensory adaptation 28. What researcher is closely associated with classical conditioning? • Ivan Pavlov 29. A dog strapped into a harness and given repeated and unavoidable shocks could develop: • Learned helplessness 30. Which neural center in the limbic system plays a role in emotions such as aggression and fear? • Amygdala 31. The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the: • Blind spot 32. These receive incoming information from other neurons. • Dendrites 33. Low levels of serotonin is closely associated with which disorder? • Depression 34. The eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation is known as: • Déjà vu 35. Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech? • Broca’s area 36. Self-reflective observation of one’s own sensations and feelings is called: • Introspection 37. Alzheimer’s disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce: • Acetylcholine 38.When one animal sees another animal do something and then repeats that action, this is an example of this type of learning. • Observational learning 39. By learning to associate a squirt of water with an electric shock, this would be an example of this type of conditioning. • Classical conditioning 40. This perspective on psychological disorders emphasizes the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. • Biological 41.This occurs when a CS is no longer paired with a US. • Extinction 42.What is the process called when new neurons are formed? • neurogenesis 43. This is the process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events . • perception 44.The effect of prior experience and current expectations on perception best illustrates the importance of this type of processing. • Top-down processing 45. This approach is concerned with assessing the impact of both nature and nurture on our traits. • biopsychosocial 46. What research technique is used to create a representative sample of a larger population? • Random sampling 47. An event that decreases the behavior that precedes it is: • punishment 48. This schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after and unpredictable number of responses have been made. • variable-ratio 49. Shaping is this type of conditioning. • operant 50. Because Loren always gave her dog a treat every time it barked, her dog is a real barker. In this case, giving the dog a treat served as a(n) _______ for barking. • positive reinforcer This is the organization of information into meaningful units. • chunking “The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of _____________ memory. • Short-term Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called: • Algorithms Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called: • Retrieval cues What term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating? • cognition The process of getting information into memory is called: • encoding This is the smallest distinctive sound unit of a language is a: • phoneme These are simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently. • heuristics