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AP – Psychology – Unit 6 Learning Review
1. Define Learning. The relatively permanent change in behavior
due to experience.
2. A sea slug learns to withdraw its gill after repeatedly being
squirted by water. After repeated squirting, the withdrawal
response lessens. Which term would learning theorists use to
describe this reaction? Habituation
3. If a sea slug on repeated occasions receives an electric shock
just after being squirted with water, its protective withdrawal
response to a squirt of water grows stronger. This best
illustrates Associative Learning
4. Define classical conditioning. Associations
5. Define operant conditioning. Reinforcement / Punishments
6. Compare and contrast classical and operant conditioning. DO
THIS YOURSELF 
7. Who would most likely agree with the following statement
concerning the field of psychology? “Its theoretical goal is the
prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no
essential part of its methods.” John B Watson
8. The first experimental studies of associative learning were
conducted by PAVLOV
9. In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the
sound of the tone was a(n) CR
10.
In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of
dogs, the US was FOOD
11.
In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants develop a
fear of books after books are repeatedly presented with a loud
noise. In this fictional example, the loud noise is a(n) US
12.
In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants
develop a fear of roses after roses are presented with
electric shock. In this fictional example, the presentation
of the roses is the US
13.
The infant Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat
was associated with a loud noise. In this example, fear of the
white rat was the CR
14.
In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary
conditioning of dogs, the CS was THE SOUND OF A TONE
15.
For the most rapid acquisition of a CR, the NS should be
presented SHORTLY BEFORE THE US
16.
What is spontaneous recovery? REAPPEARANCE, AFTER
A PAUSE, OF AN EXTINGUISHED CONDITIONED RESPONSE
17.
Define extinction and give an example. WHEN YOU STOP
TRAINING – GOING TO SPRING BREAK AND LEAVING MOUSE
ALL ALONE
18.
After repeatedly taking alcohol spiked with a nauseaproducing drug, people with alcohol dependence may fail to
develop an aversive reaction to alcohol because they blame
their nausea on the drug. This illustrates the importance of
________ in classical conditioning. COGNITIVE PROCESSES
19.
Watson and Rayner's study of Little Albert demonstrated
how specific fears MAY BE PRODUCED THROUGH CC
20.
B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had
called THE LAW OF EFFECT
21.
Coffee shops that reward customers with one free cup of
coffee after every ten coffee purchases are using a ________
reinforcement schedule. FIXED RATIO
22.
Which of the following behaviors is typically
reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule?
A) studying to be prepared for unexpected quizzes
B) inserting coins into a slot machine
C) paying a cashier for a candy bar
D) checking the mailbox to see if the mail has arrived
E) assembling car parts in a factory
23.
Asking for dates is most likely to be reinforced on a
________ schedule. VARIABLE RATIO
24.
A small-town radio disc jockey frequently announces how
much money is currently in a jackpot. Every day several
randomly selected residents are called and asked to identify
the amount, and thereby win it. Those who keep track of the
jackpot amount are most likely to be reinforced on a ________
schedule VARIABLE INTERVAL
25.
An event that decreases the behavior that precedes it is a
PUNISHMENT
26.
A young child who is spanked after running into the street
learns not to repeat this behavior. In this case, the spanking is a
POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
27.
Chimpanzees learn foraging and tool use by observing
other chimpanzees. This best illustrates MODELING
28.
Bandura's experiments indicate that ________ is
important in the process of learning. MODELING
29.
Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive
by imitating their parents. This illustrates the importance of
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
30.
After prolonged exposure to television violence, viewers
became more indifferent to violence when later viewing a
brawl, whether on TV or in real life. This finding best illustrates
DESENSITIZATION