Download AP Psych Mid-Term Review

Mid Term Jingles
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U1 History & Approaches
U2 Research Methods
U3 Biological Basis
U4 Sensation & Perception
U5 Consciousness
U6 Learning
On Review Sheet:
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William James
Broca’s area
Acetylcholine
Biological psychology
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– Prototype
– Representative heuristic
AP Psych Mid-Term Review
1. Who believed that the brain fluid held
“animal spirits?”
• Rene Descartes
2. The first psychological lab was established by:
• Wilhelm Wundt
3. The disruptive effect of prior learning on the
recall of new information is called:
• Proactive interference
4. The spatial junctions where impulses are
chemically transmitted from one neuron to
another are called:
• Synapses
5. These type of psychologists focused on the
importance of healthy growth potential.
• Humanistic psychologists
6. Contemporary psychology is best defined as
the scientific study of _______________ and
_______________.
• Behavior and mental processes.
7. Pizza shops that reward customers with one
free slice of pizza after every ten pizza purchases
are using a _____________ reinforcement
schedule.
• Fixed-ratio
8. The disorder where a person has the
cessation of breathing during sleep is called:
• Sleep apnea
9. The process by which the lens of the eye
changes shape to focus images on the retina is
called:
• accommodation
10. Monkeys at a zoo will repeat behaviors,
such a slapping and signing, that prompt people
to toss them a treat. This is an example of:
• Operant conditioning
11. This is a testable prediction that gives
direction to research.
• Hypothesis
12. Thinking she had done well on her biology
test, Jane was surprised to see that she only
received an average grade on the test. This best
illustrates:
• Overconfidence
13. This type of processing involves analysis
that begins with the sensory receptors.
• Bottom-up processing
14. The depolarization of a neural membrane
can create a(n):
• Action potential
15. This is a pattern of biological functioning
that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle.
• Circadian rhythm
16. Who was a student of William James and
the first female president of the APA?
• Mary Calkins
17. Toddlers taught to fear white rats may also
begin to fear other white fuzzy animals best
illustrates:
• Generalization
18. The slowdown of neural communication in
multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the:
• Myelin sheath
19. This term refers to the reabsorption of
excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending
neuron.
• Reuptake
20. The early school of psychology known a
Functionalism was developed by:
• William James
21. The enduring traditions, attitudes, and
behaviors shared by a large group of people
constitutes their:
• culture
22. Which psychologist was the first woman to
receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard
University declined to give Mary Calkins the
Ph.D.?
• Margaret Washburn
23. The minimum amount of stimulus a person
needs to DETECT a stimulus 50% of the time is
called the:
• Absolute threshold
24. The longest part of a neuron is the:
• Axon
25. Which psychologist emphasized the
unconscious?
• Sigmund Freud
26. This term refers to the reduced effect of a
drug resulting from its regular usage.
• Drug tolerance
27. After listening to loud music for 15 minutes,
you fail to realize how loud the music is playing.
This best illustrates:
• Sensory adaptation
28. What researcher is closely associated with
classical conditioning?
• Ivan Pavlov
29. A dog strapped into a harness and given
repeated and unavoidable shocks could develop:
• Learned helplessness
30. Which neural center in the limbic system
plays a role in emotions such as aggression and
fear?
• Amygdala
31. The area of the retina where the optic nerve
leaves the eye is called the:
• Blind spot
32. These receive incoming information from
other neurons.
• Dendrites
33. Low levels of serotonin is closely associated
with which disorder?
• Depression
34. The eerie sense of having previously
experienced a situation is known as:
• Déjà vu
35. Which brain area is primarily involved with
controlling speech?
• Broca’s area
36. Self-reflective observation of one’s own
sensations and feelings is called:
• Introspection
37. Alzheimer’s disease is most closely linked to
the deterioration of neurons that produce:
• Acetylcholine
38.When one animal sees another animal do
something and then repeats that action, this
is an example of this type of learning.
• Observational learning
39. By learning to associate a squirt of water
with an electric shock, this would be an example
of this type of conditioning.
• Classical conditioning
40. This perspective on psychological disorders
emphasizes the extent to which abnormal blood
chemistry can contribute to psychological
disorders.
• Biological
41.This occurs when a CS is no longer paired
with a US.
• Extinction
42.What is the process called when new
neurons are formed?
• neurogenesis
43. This is the process by which we select,
organize, and interpret sensory information in
order to recognize meaningful objects and
events .
• perception
44.The effect of prior experience and current
expectations on perception best illustrates
the importance of this type of processing.
• Top-down processing
45. This approach is concerned with assessing
the impact of both nature and nurture on our
traits.
• biopsychosocial
46. What research technique is used to create a
representative sample of a larger population?
• Random sampling
47. An event that decreases the behavior that
precedes it is:
• punishment
48. This schedule of reinforcement is one in
which a response is reinforced only after and
unpredictable number of responses have been
made.
•
variable-ratio
49. Shaping is this type of conditioning.
•
operant
50. Because Loren always gave her dog a treat
every time it barked, her dog is a real barker. In
this case, giving the dog a treat served as a(n)
_______ for barking.
• positive reinforcer
This is the organization of information into
meaningful units.
• chunking
“The magical number seven, plus or minus two”
refers to the storage capacity of _____________
memory.
• Short-term
Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for
solving problems are called:
• Algorithms
Words, events, places, and emotions that
trigger our memory of the past are called:
• Retrieval cues
What term refers to all the mental activities
associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering, and communicating?
• cognition
The process of getting information into memory
is called:
• encoding
This is the smallest distinctive sound unit of a
language is a:
• phoneme
These are simple thinking strategies for solving
problems quickly and efficiently.
• heuristics