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Living Environment Immune System and Disease Aim What are the body’s nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens? What is immunity? Nonspecific Defenses Against Disease, 1st line of Defense: Keep disease from entering the body, accomplished by the: 1. Skin 2. Mucus 3. Sweat 4. Tears 2nd Line of Defense -Once a pathogen has entered the body the following occurs Inflammatory Response 1. Blood vessels expand, swelling of tissue occurs 2. White blood cells enter infected tissue, destroying pathogens 3. Fever occurs killing pathogens Interferon: proteins secreted by cells working against viruses Specific Defenses Immune Response: Active attack on disease-causing agents by the immune system Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response Ex. Bacteria, virus Phagocyte: Cells that engulf foreign cells/material Humoral Immunity Immunity against pathogens in body fluids by white blood cells(B+T) B lymphocyte(B-cell): Produces antibodies, have memory T lymphocyte(T-cell): Activate B-Cells Antibody: a protein that helps destroy pathogens Cell Mediated Immunity Killer T cells: Destroy antigen bearing cells Permanent Immunity: Once the body has been exposed to a pathogen, it remains capable of producing B+T cells specific to that pathogen Active Immunity(body can mount an attack) Vaccine: The injection of a weakened form of a pathogen to produce immunity History of vaccines Edward Jenner used cowpox to produce immunity to smallpox in the 1800’s Passive Immunity 1. Injections of antibodies 2. Antibodies received across the placenta or in breast milk(maternal immunity) 3. Short lasting Living Environment Immune System and Disease Aim What are the body’s nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens? What is immunity? Nonspecific Defenses Against Disease, 1st line of Defense: accomplished by the: 1. 2. 3. 4. 2nd Line of Defense - Inflammatory Response 1. 2. 3. Interferon: Specific Defenses Immune Response: Antigen: Ex. Phagocyte: Humoral Immunity B lymphocyte(B-cell): T lymphocyte(T-cell): Antibody: Cell Mediated Immunity Killer T cells: Permanent Immunity: Active Immunity(body can mount an attack) Vaccine: History of vaccines Edward Jenner used cowpox to produce immunity to smallpox in the 1800’s Passive Immunity 1. 2. 3.