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Describe the role of phagocyte in non-specific defence Complete the stages involved in the inflammatory response Describe the role of cytokines Damage to connective tissue causes, __________ cells to release a chemical called ___________ Unit 4 KA1: Non-Specific Defence Histamine causes ________________ of blood vessels and increased permeability of __________________ List three examples first line physical or chemical defences The increased blood flow and secretion Describe the role of NK cells of _____________ leads to the accumulation of ______cytes and 1. the delivery of ______________ proteins and _____________ factors 2. to the site of infection. 3. Describe the role of phagocyte in specific defence Complete the stages involved in the clonal selection of lymphocytes Which type of cell produces antibodies? ___________ on a pathogen binds to Describe the role of antibodies __________ on the lymphocyte Unit 4 KA2: Specific Defence Lymphocyte then _______________ forming a clonal population Lymphocytes become activated when… Type of lymphocyte Allergy Auto immune disease List two ways in which activated T Lymphocytes respond to pathogens Describe importance of memory B lymphocytes in the secondary response 1. Why are lymphocytes specific to one antigen? 2. . Condition Attacks what type of antigen Describe the following patterns of infectious disease spread Sporadic Define the term antisepsis Endemic Unit 4 KA3: Transmission and Control Epidemic Pandemic List four ways in which disease causing pathogens can be transmitted Define the term quarantine Describe two ways other than quarantine that spread of pathogens can be controlled 1. 1. 2. 2. . . 3. 4. . Describe the following terms relating to clinical trials Describe the contents of a vaccine Define the term active immunity Placebo What is an adjuvant? Unit 4 KA4: Vaccination and Evasion Randomised The immunisation of large percentages of the population is known as… Double Blind Describe and give examples of three ways in which pathogens evade the immune response 1. Antigenic Variation . Herd immunity protects non immune individuals because… 2. Avoid Detection . . 3. Direct Attack on Immune System . Describe herd immunity threshold and list some factors that influence it . Two reasons vaccination programmes may be unsuccessful