Download diversity of living things

DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGS
G9 Alpha and Delta – 2011
Mr. ARNOLD, Rafael
The Animal Cell
NUCLEUS:
Contains DNA.
ROUGH E. R.:
Synthesizes
proteins.
GOLGI APPARATUS:
Processes and
packages macromolecules,
such as proteins and lipids.
CELL
MEMBRANE
MITOCHONDRIA:
Generate most of the
cell's supply of energy
LYSOSOMES: Contains
enzymes to break up
waste materials and
cellular debris
SMOOTH E. R.: Among
other functions, cell
detoxification.
Different Types
of Animal Cells
Plant Cell
NUCLEUS:
Contains DNA.
ROUGH E. R.:
Synthesizes proteins.
VACUOLE: Isolates
materials
MITOCHONDRIA:
Generate most of
the cell's supply of
energy
CELL WALL
CELL
MEMBRANE
GOLGI APPARATUS:
Processes and
packages macromole
cules, such
as proteins and lipids
SMOOTH E. R.: Among
other functions, cell
detoxification.
CHLOROPLAST:
Conduct
Photosynthesis.
What are the
Differences?
Six Kingdoms
MOST MICROSCOPIC KINGDOMS
BACTERIA
ARCHAE
PROTISTS
Six Kingdoms
MOST MULTICELLULAR KINGDOMS
ANIMALS
FUNGI
PLANTS
Living things share common
characteristcs
• Organization
– Cells are the basic unit
of all living things;
– The boundary
separating the inside
from the outside of a
cell is called cell
membrane;
– The nucleus can also be
surrounded by a
membrane.
Living things share common
characteristcs
• Growth
– Living things increase in size over time;
– There’s a need of replacing worn out parts or build
new ones;
Living things share common
characteristcs
4
• Reproduction (Binary fission)
5
3
– How does a cell prepare itself for replication?
2
6
1
7
Living things share common
characteristcs
• ACTIVITY
– A single S. aureus
bacterium was isolated
in a petri dish. It is
known that this strain
of bacteria is adapted
to reproduce in a very
fast way, something
around 1 fission every
15 minutes. How many
bacteria will compose
the colony after 6
hours?
Viruses are not alive
NO ORGANELLES !!!
Bacteriophages
MICROSCOPES
• The
earliest
simple
microscope was merely a
tube with a plate for the
object at one end and, at
the other, a lens which
gave a magnification less
than ten diameters -- ten
times the actual size.
These excited general
wonder when used to
view fleas or tiny creeping
things and so were
dubbed "flea glasses."
• About 1590, two Dutch
spectacle makers, Zaccharias
Janssen and his son Hans,
while experimenting with
several lenses in a tube,
discovered that nearby objects
appeared greatly enlarged.
That was the forerunner of the
compound microscope and of
the telescope. In 1609, Galileo,
father of modern physics and
astronomy, heard of these
early experiments, worked out
the principles of lenses, and
made
a
much
better
instrument with a focusing
device.
• Robert
Hooke,
the
English
father
of
microscopy,
reconfirmed Anton van
Leeuwenhoek's
discoveries
of
the
existence of tiny living
organisms in a drop of
water. Hooke made a
copy of Leeuwenhoek's
light microscope and
then improved upon his
design.
Optical Microscope
• An optical microscope,
also
called
"light
microscope", is a type
of
a
compound
microscope that uses a
combination of lenses
magnifying the images
of
small
objects.
Optical
microscopes
are the oldest type and
simplest to use and
manufacture.
Digital Microscope
• A digital microscope has a
digital
CCD
camera
attached to it and
connected to a LCD or a
computer monitor. A
digital microscope usually
has no eyepieces to view
the objects directly. The
trinocular type of digital
microscopes have the
possibility of mounting
the camera, that would
be an USB microscope.
Fluorescence Microscope
• A
fluorescence
microscope
or
"epifluorescent
microscope"
is
a
special type of a light
microscope, instead of
light reflection and
absorption
used
fluorescence
and
phosphorescencea to
view the samples and
their properties.
Electron Microscope
• An electron microscope is
one of the most advanced
and important types of
microscopes with the
highest
magnifying
capacity.
In
electron
microscopes electrons are
used to illuminate the
tiniest particles. Electron
microscope is a much more
powerful
tool
in
comparison to commonly
used light microscopes.
ACTIVITY: Getting Familiar with
Microscopes
Answer Key
Protists are a Diverse Group of
Animals
MOST OF THEM ARE UNICELLULAR
BUT THERE ARE MULTICELLULAR TOO...
• Multicellular protists have simpler structures than
animals, plants or fungi;
• They also have fewer types of cells (sometimes
only 1).
Protists Come in a Variety of Shapes and
Sizes
Euglena
Diatoms
Seaweed
Protists obtain energy in three ways:
• Photosynthesis (Plant-like protists);
• Parasitism (Animal-like protists);
• Decomposition (Fungus-like protists).
Plant-like protists: ALGAE
• There are unicellular and multicellular algae.
Animal-like protists: PROTOZOA
Paramecium
Fungus-like protists: MOLDS