Download Immune System

Immune System
S. S. Seward Institute
Living Environment
Immunity
• 3 lines of defense
• First 2 are non-specific – they protect
us against any disease
A – First Line of Def. – unbroken skin
-breaks in skin can become infected
B – Second Line of Def. – Inflammation
response
hot – red - swollen
Immunity
C – Third Line of Defense –
- very specific
- antibody – a protein custom
made against a specific pathogen
(disease causing organism)
- made by blood cells
- assists body in identifying and
destroying infections
Immunity
C – Third Line of Defense –
- very specific
- antibody – a protein custom
made against a specific pathogen
(disease causing organism)
- made by blood cells
- assists body in identifying and
destroying infections
Smallpox
Viral disease – has no cure
but can be prevented with
vaccinations
Cow Pox
Small Pox
b. 10,000 BCE
d. 1979 AD
Small Pox Vaccination
Welcome !
• Thursday, Feb. 16, 2017 – Day 6
• Puzzler
• Vaccination
–Historical Documents
–Antibody formation
–Notes
• No homework over long w’k’nd
Puzzler
What is it about the “in” letters that
prevents the “out” letters from
being in their group?
a) in: AEFHKLT
out: BCDGJOU
b) in: CEHIKOX
out: FGJMPQZ
c) in: BCDGPTV
out: AFHJLRW
Welcome Back!!
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Tuesday, February 21, 2017 – Day 1
Puzzler
Immunity and Vaccination
Blood Types and Immunity\
No homework
Find the word at the bottom that
best completes the following
sequence:
CENTER ERRATA TABLE _______
A) ACCEPT
B) REGARD
C) MOTORS
D) LEGAL
Immunity
• The ability of the body to resist a
particular contagious disease
thereby maintaining homeostasis
Vaccination
• Vaccination – body is exposed to a
weak or dead pathogen so that an
immune response is provoked which
makes antibodies and memory cells
• Antigen – substance that provokes an
immune response
– Pathogen – a disease causing organism
– Allergen – an otherwise harmless antigen
Smallpox
Girl in
Bangladesh
1973
Welcome !!
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Wed., February 22, 2017 – Day 2
Puzzler
Vaccination Review
Blood Types and Immunity
No homework
Every answer is a common two-word
phrase in which both words begin
with D.
Sober, post-party chauffeur
Kitchen appliance’s soap powder
Small desert whirlwind
Derby or “Jeopardy!” bet
Journal entry salutation
Library filing system
Side by side portals
Vaccination
• Antibody – custom made protein made
by white blood cells to attach and
attack an antigen
• Primary immune response – the
reaction of the immune system to the
first exposure to an antigen – takes 7 –
10 days
• Secondary immune response – the
reaction of the immune system to a
repeat exposure to an antigen – much,
much quicker
Human Blood Groups
I. ABO Blood Groups
- discovered in early 1900’s
- Austrian physician Karl Lansteiner
- mixing different types of
blood caused red blood cells
to clump together –
agglutination – kidney failure
and death
• Determined that there were four
types of blood:
–A
–B
–AB
–O
I. ABO Blood Groups
- red blood cells may have an
antigen on the surface
- either :
- A type antigen
- B type antigen
- both A&B antigens
- neither is present
I. ABO Blood Groups
Blood type
Antigen on
RBC
A
A
Antibodies
in serum
Anti-B
B
B
Anti-A
AB
A&B
neither
O
Neither A nor Both Anti-A
B
and Anti-B
I. ABO Blood Groups
- Antibodies cause RBCs with
antigens to clump (agglutinate)
- Anti A – clumps RBCs with A antigen
- Types:
- Anti B – clumps RBCs with B antigen
- Types:
- Which blood group(s) will not clump?
I. ABO Blood Groups
Who can donate to whom?
Who cannot donate to whom?
• Universal Donor – can give to
anyone
• Universal Recipient – can receive
from anyone
II. Rh Blood Group
- another antigen
sometimes found
on RBC’s
- named Rh after
the Rhesus
monkeys used in
research
- Rh + or -
II. Rh Blood Group
- about 85 % of Americans are Rh+
- Rh + syndrome – when Moms are
Rh- and babies are Rh+ there can
be problems with subsequent
pregnancies
- now prevented with medicine RhoGam
II. Rh Blood Group
Blood Type
Antigen
Antibody
Rh+
Present
no
Rh-
Absent
Anti-Rh
Welcome !
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Thursday, Feb. 23, 2017 – Day 3
Puzzler
Blood types – Rh factor
Active Immunity
Passive Immunity
No Homework
Puzzler
• If the removal of an appendix is
called an appendectomy and if the
removal of the tonsils is called a
tonsillectomy, what do you call the
removal of a growth from the
head?
Blood Typing Game
• GAME
Active Immunity
- the response of the body to an
antigen
- production of antibodies, a.k.a.
immunoglobulins
- production of memory cells
- follows an infection or a
vaccination
Passive Immunity
- use of another source of antibodies
to fight an infection
- protection is temporary, no
memory cells are formed
- natural example – antibodies in
breast milk protects nursing infant
- artificial example – gamma globulin
shot – horse antibodies in people
Hello !!!!
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Friday, Feb. 24, 2017 – Day 4
Puzzler
Disorders of the Immune System
Video – 3-2-1
No Homework
Coming up: Immunity Test Wednesday
Remove the first letter from a 5letter word that means “a
weapon” to get a word that
means “part of a sentence.”
Remove the first letter from
an 4-letter word that means
“a form of precipitation” to
get a word that means
“immediately.”
Immune System Disorders
A – Autoimmune Diseases – immune
system responds to body’s own
antigens –
1 – rheumatoid arthritis – tissue
of heart and joints are attacked
following exposure to a particular
streptococcus bacteria
2 - “lupus” – systemic lupus
erthythromatosis
B – allergies – production of
antibodies against otherwise
harmless antigens –
ex. Dust, some foods, penicillin,
etc., etc.
- symptoms caused by histamines-
- relieved with antihistamines
C – HIV – Human Immunodeficiency
Virus which causes Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
- viruses transmitted in bodily
fluids such as blood and semen
- attacks the T cells (WBCs) of the
immune system
- leaves person vulnerable to
infectious diseases and cancers
Welcome!!
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Mon. Feb. 27, 2017 – Day 5
Puzzler
Article
Review Immunity
No homework tonight
Study for Test on
Wednesday!
Puzzler
Choose the correct letter from each clue in the
rhyme below. When put in order, the 4 letters
will spell the answer to the riddle.
My first is in bright but not in light.
My second in light but not in right.
My third in up but not in at.
My last in eat but not in hat.
My whole a color you will find.
Keep that idea clear in mind.
Hello !
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Wednesday, March 1. 2017 – Day 5
Immune System Test
Puzzler is extra credit on the test
Homework tonight: Read pp. 10091015,pg. 1015 #1,3&4 (4.1)
There is just one good
anagram in English of the
word SIMMERED.
What is it?
Hint: only one letter needs to
be moved from where it is