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Immune System S. S. Seward Institute Living Environment Immunity • 3 lines of defense • First 2 are non-specific – they protect us against any disease A – First Line of Def. – unbroken skin -breaks in skin can become infected B – Second Line of Def. – Inflammation response hot – red - swollen Immunity C – Third Line of Defense – - very specific - antibody – a protein custom made against a specific pathogen (disease causing organism) - made by blood cells - assists body in identifying and destroying infections Immunity C – Third Line of Defense – - very specific - antibody – a protein custom made against a specific pathogen (disease causing organism) - made by blood cells - assists body in identifying and destroying infections Smallpox Viral disease – has no cure but can be prevented with vaccinations Cow Pox Small Pox b. 10,000 BCE d. 1979 AD Small Pox Vaccination Welcome ! • Thursday, Feb. 16, 2017 – Day 6 • Puzzler • Vaccination –Historical Documents –Antibody formation –Notes • No homework over long w’k’nd Puzzler What is it about the “in” letters that prevents the “out” letters from being in their group? a) in: AEFHKLT out: BCDGJOU b) in: CEHIKOX out: FGJMPQZ c) in: BCDGPTV out: AFHJLRW Welcome Back!! • • • • • Tuesday, February 21, 2017 – Day 1 Puzzler Immunity and Vaccination Blood Types and Immunity\ No homework Find the word at the bottom that best completes the following sequence: CENTER ERRATA TABLE _______ A) ACCEPT B) REGARD C) MOTORS D) LEGAL Immunity • The ability of the body to resist a particular contagious disease thereby maintaining homeostasis Vaccination • Vaccination – body is exposed to a weak or dead pathogen so that an immune response is provoked which makes antibodies and memory cells • Antigen – substance that provokes an immune response – Pathogen – a disease causing organism – Allergen – an otherwise harmless antigen Smallpox Girl in Bangladesh 1973 Welcome !! • • • • • Wed., February 22, 2017 – Day 2 Puzzler Vaccination Review Blood Types and Immunity No homework Every answer is a common two-word phrase in which both words begin with D. Sober, post-party chauffeur Kitchen appliance’s soap powder Small desert whirlwind Derby or “Jeopardy!” bet Journal entry salutation Library filing system Side by side portals Vaccination • Antibody – custom made protein made by white blood cells to attach and attack an antigen • Primary immune response – the reaction of the immune system to the first exposure to an antigen – takes 7 – 10 days • Secondary immune response – the reaction of the immune system to a repeat exposure to an antigen – much, much quicker Human Blood Groups I. ABO Blood Groups - discovered in early 1900’s - Austrian physician Karl Lansteiner - mixing different types of blood caused red blood cells to clump together – agglutination – kidney failure and death • Determined that there were four types of blood: –A –B –AB –O I. ABO Blood Groups - red blood cells may have an antigen on the surface - either : - A type antigen - B type antigen - both A&B antigens - neither is present I. ABO Blood Groups Blood type Antigen on RBC A A Antibodies in serum Anti-B B B Anti-A AB A&B neither O Neither A nor Both Anti-A B and Anti-B I. ABO Blood Groups - Antibodies cause RBCs with antigens to clump (agglutinate) - Anti A – clumps RBCs with A antigen - Types: - Anti B – clumps RBCs with B antigen - Types: - Which blood group(s) will not clump? I. ABO Blood Groups Who can donate to whom? Who cannot donate to whom? • Universal Donor – can give to anyone • Universal Recipient – can receive from anyone II. Rh Blood Group - another antigen sometimes found on RBC’s - named Rh after the Rhesus monkeys used in research - Rh + or - II. Rh Blood Group - about 85 % of Americans are Rh+ - Rh + syndrome – when Moms are Rh- and babies are Rh+ there can be problems with subsequent pregnancies - now prevented with medicine RhoGam II. Rh Blood Group Blood Type Antigen Antibody Rh+ Present no Rh- Absent Anti-Rh Welcome ! • • • • • • Thursday, Feb. 23, 2017 – Day 3 Puzzler Blood types – Rh factor Active Immunity Passive Immunity No Homework Puzzler • If the removal of an appendix is called an appendectomy and if the removal of the tonsils is called a tonsillectomy, what do you call the removal of a growth from the head? Blood Typing Game • GAME Active Immunity - the response of the body to an antigen - production of antibodies, a.k.a. immunoglobulins - production of memory cells - follows an infection or a vaccination Passive Immunity - use of another source of antibodies to fight an infection - protection is temporary, no memory cells are formed - natural example – antibodies in breast milk protects nursing infant - artificial example – gamma globulin shot – horse antibodies in people Hello !!!! • • • • • • Friday, Feb. 24, 2017 – Day 4 Puzzler Disorders of the Immune System Video – 3-2-1 No Homework Coming up: Immunity Test Wednesday Remove the first letter from a 5letter word that means “a weapon” to get a word that means “part of a sentence.” Remove the first letter from an 4-letter word that means “a form of precipitation” to get a word that means “immediately.” Immune System Disorders A – Autoimmune Diseases – immune system responds to body’s own antigens – 1 – rheumatoid arthritis – tissue of heart and joints are attacked following exposure to a particular streptococcus bacteria 2 - “lupus” – systemic lupus erthythromatosis B – allergies – production of antibodies against otherwise harmless antigens – ex. Dust, some foods, penicillin, etc., etc. - symptoms caused by histamines- - relieved with antihistamines C – HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - viruses transmitted in bodily fluids such as blood and semen - attacks the T cells (WBCs) of the immune system - leaves person vulnerable to infectious diseases and cancers Welcome!! • • • • • • Mon. Feb. 27, 2017 – Day 5 Puzzler Article Review Immunity No homework tonight Study for Test on Wednesday! Puzzler Choose the correct letter from each clue in the rhyme below. When put in order, the 4 letters will spell the answer to the riddle. My first is in bright but not in light. My second in light but not in right. My third in up but not in at. My last in eat but not in hat. My whole a color you will find. Keep that idea clear in mind. Hello ! • • • • Wednesday, March 1. 2017 – Day 5 Immune System Test Puzzler is extra credit on the test Homework tonight: Read pp. 10091015,pg. 1015 #1,3&4 (4.1) There is just one good anagram in English of the word SIMMERED. What is it? Hint: only one letter needs to be moved from where it is