Download Biology 301 Exam 3 Name Spring 2008 1. Which of the following is

Biology 301 Exam 3
Spring 2008
Name
1. Which of the following is used as an electron carrier by living organisms?
A. NAD+
B. NADP+
C. ubiquinone
D. all of the choices
2. Which of the following is not true about enzymes?
A. Enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions.
B. Enzymes are proteins that can be denatured by changes in pH or temperature.
C. Enzymes are highly specific for the substrates they react with and catalyze only one or a
limited set of possible reactions with those substrates.
D. “A”, “B”, and “C” are not true
E. “A”, “B”, and “C” are true
3. The energy required to bring the substrates of a reaction together in the correct way to reach
the transition state is called
A. activation energy.
B. entropy.
C. enthalpy.
D. free energy.
4. The __________ is the electron donor in a redox reaction.
A. enzyme
B. oxidant
C. reductant
D. product
5. The __________ law of thermodynamics states that physical and chemical processes occur in
such a way that randomness (disorder) increases to a maximum.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
6. An chemical reaction that requires an input of energy in order to proceed is __________.
A. exergonic
B. endergonic
C. impossible
D. none of the choices
7. If all available enzyme molecules are binding substrate and converting it to produce as rapidly
as possible, the reaction is said to be proceeding at __________ velocity.
A. terminal
B. infinite
C. optimal
D. maximal
8. If an enzyme consists of a protein component and a non-protein component, the protein
component is referred as the
A. prosthetic group.
B. apoenzyme.
C. coenzyme.
D. holoenzyme.
9. The nonprotein component of an enzyme that is firmly attached to the protein is called a(n)
A. apoenzyme.
B. coenzyme.
C. holoenzyme.
D. cofactor.
10. A nonprotein component of an enzyme that is loosely attached to the protein component is
referred to as a(n)
A. apoenzyme.
B. coenzyme.
C. holoenzyme.
D. cofactor.
11. A complete enzyme that consists of a protein component and a nonprotein component is
called a(n)
A. heteroenzyme.
B. apoenzyme.
C. holoenzyme.
D. multienzyme.
12. Competitive inhibition can be overcome by adding excess
A. enzyme.
B. inhibitor.
C. substrate.
D. none of the choices.
13. The substrate of an enzyme binds at the
A. affinity site.
B. reaction site.
C. determinative site.
D. active site.
14. The most specific term usually used to describe a substance in a biological system that
increases the rate of a reaction without being permanently changed by the reaction is a(n)
A. rate increaser.
B. catalyzer.
C. catalyst.
D. enzyme.
15. Electron transport molecules that only transfer electrons include
A. ferredoxin.
B. NADP.
C. FAD.
D. ubiquinone.
16. When the end product of a pathway inhibits catalysis of the first step of that pathway, this
phenomenon is called
A. reversible covalent modification.
B. non-competitive inhibition.
C. metabolic channeling.
D. feedback inhibition.
17. Which of the following is a reason for metabolic regulation?
A. maintain cell components at appropriate levels
B. conserve materials
C. ensure efficient use energy stores
D. all of the choices
18. In allosteric regulation, effector molecules usually bind
A. reversibly and noncovalently.
B. irreversibly and noncovalently.
C. reversibly and covalently.
D. irreversibly and covalently.
19. In a branched pathway with many end products, an abundance of one of the end products will
usually inhibit
A. the first step in the set of pathways.
B. the first committed step in the branch of the pathway leading to the production of that
particular product.
C. the last step before the branch leading to the production of that particular end product.
D. the last step in the production of that particular product.
20. Metabolic channeling involves the localization of __________ in different parts of a cell in
order to influence the activity of metabolic pathways.
A. activators
B. repressors
C. substrates and enzymes
D. inhibitors
21. Which of the following forms double bonds by removal of a functional group?
A. oxidoreductase
B. ligase
C. lyase
D. transferase
E. isomerase
22. Which of the following could catalyze the following reaction:
Pyruvate + NADH + H+ Lactate + NAD+
A. oxidoreductase
B. ligase
C. lyase
D. transferase
E. isomerase
23. Which of the following controls the rotational direction of the flagella by direct interaction
with the flagella motor?
A. CheA
B. CheB
C. CheR
D. CheY
E. CheZ
24. Which of the following starts the phosphorlay system by autophosphorylation?
A. CheA
B. CheB
C. CheW
D. CheY
E. CheZ
25. The Strickland reaction
A. is an alternative glycolytic pathway.
B. is used to oxidize nucleotides..
C. is a fermentation reaction in which one amino acid is oxidized and a second amino acid is
reduced
D. results in production of high concentrations of intracellular glycerol, which can be used to
counterbalance osmotic pressure.
26. The most common pathway for conversion of glucose to pyruvate is
A. Entner-Doudoroff.
B. Embden-Meyerhoff.
C. Pentose phosphate.
D. mixed acid fermentation.
27. The pentose phosphate pathway provides
A. ATP.
B. NADPH.
C. four- and five-carbon sugars for amino acid and nucleic acid synthesis.
D. all of the choices
E. none of the choices
28. How many molecules of ATP are needed to reduce one molecule of carbon dioxide to
carbohydrate?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 10-12
29. How many molecules of NADPH are needed to reduce one molecule of carbon dioxide to
carbohydrate?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 10-12
30. Mitochondrial electron transport takes place
A. on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
B. on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
C. in the fluid matrix of the mitochondria.
D. on the outer mitochondrial membrane and on the inner mitochondrial membrane
31. Photosynthetic electron transport in cyanobacteria takes place
A. on the plasma membrane.
B. on the thylakoid membranes.
C. in the chloroplast.
D. in the cytoplasm.
32. The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones with the input of energy is called
A. anabolism.
B. catabolism.
C. metabolism.
D. none of these
E. all of these
33. Production of ATP using the energy liberated when electrons from reduced chemical bonds
are pass through the electron transport system is generally referred to as __________.
A. chemiosmotic
B. respiration
C. substrate-level
D. conformational change
34. The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically
in eucaryotes is
A. 2.
B. 36.
C. 38.
D. 85.
35. The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized anaerobically in eucaryotes is
A. 2.
B. 36.
C. 38.
D. 85.
36. Which of the following can be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration?
A. nitrate
B. sulfate
C. carbon dioxide
D. all of the choices
E. none of the choices
37. Fatty acids are metabolized by the __________ pathway.
A. alpha-oxidation
B. beta-oxidation
C. gamma-oxidation
D. delta-oxidation
38. During breakdown of fatty acids, carbons are removed __________ at a time as
__________.
A. one; carbon dioxide
B. one; methane
C. two; ethanol
D. two; acetyl-CoA
39. Which of the following may be used as sources of energy by chemolithotrophs?
A. hydrogen gas
B. ammonia
C. hydrogen sulfide
D. all of the choices
E. none of the choices
40. Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases during aerobic respiration?
A. They require proton motive force to make ATP.
B. They span the inner membrane of mitochondria.
C. The proton flow is outward during ATP synthesis.
D. The subunits of ATP synthase undergo conformational changes during ATP production.
41. Differences between mitochondrial and E. coli electron transport chains include the
following:
A. Higher P/O values are observed in E. coli.
B. The fundamental principles on which they operate are different.
C. The E. coli chain is branched and contains a different array of cytochromes. D. The electron
transport change does not involve membranes in E. coli.
42. Phosphorous is usually assimilated by microorganisms as
A. polyphosphate (volutin).
B. phosphene.
C. elemental phosphate (Po).
D. phosphate.
43. Microorganisms assimilate large amounts of all of the following except __________ into
organic molecules.
A. sodium
B. phosphorus
C. nitrogen
D. sulfur
44. The series of enzymatic steps that fixes carbon dioxide into carbohydrate is called the _____
A. Pentose phosphate pathway
B. Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
C. Calvin cycle
D. Entner-Doudoroff pathway
45. The reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia is called
A. ammonification.
B. nitrification.
C. denitrification.
D. nitrogen fixation.
46. The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors is called
A. glycolysis.
B. glutamine synthase.
C. gluconeogenesis.
D. none of the choices
E. all of the choices
47. There are __________ common amino acids used to synthesize proteins.
A. 20
B. 61
C. 64
D. 25
48. __________ is the carrier molecule required to transport peptidoglycan subunits to the
location where they will be incorporated into the growing bacterial cell wall.
A. UDP glucose
B. Malonyl-CoA
C. Acyl carrier protein
D. Bactoprenol
49. The photosynthetic production of one molecule of glucose requires __________ molecule(s)
of ATP.
A. 6
B. 12
C. 18
D. 24
50. The photosynthetic production of one molecule of glucose requires __________ molecule(s)
of NADPH.
A. 6
B. 12
C. 18
D. 24
51. Many microbes use pyruvate carboxylase to
A. to synthesize amino acids.
B. to synthesize glucose.
C. to synthesize oxaloacetate.
D. to synthesize acetyl-CoA.
52. Most microorganisms assimilate nitrogen as
A. ammonia.
B. hydrazine.
C. nitrate.
D. ammonia or nitrate
E. microorganisms assimilate all the above
53. __________ are heterocyclic nitrogenous bases with several double bonds and pronounced
aromatic properties.
A. Purines
B. Quinones
C. Pyrimidines
D. Fatty acids
54. Assemblies of macromolecules are referred to as __________ complexes.
A. ultramolecular
B. supramolecular
C. metamolecular
D. maximolecular
55. A purine or pyrimidine that is attached to a sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, is called a
A. nucleoside.
B. nucleotide.
C. nitrogenous base.
D. nucleic acid.
56. Purines and pyrimidines are precursors for synthesis of
A. peptidoglycan.
B. fatty acids.
C. nucleic acids.
D. proteins.
57. A monounsaturated fatty acids are those containing __________ carbon-carbon double
bond(s).
A. only one
B. exactly two
C. one or more
D. two or more
58. Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones with the input of energy is called
A. metabolism.
B. anabolism.
C. catabolism.
D. amphibolism.
59. In order to form a single molecule of glucose, it takes __________ turns through the
reactions of the Calvin cycle.
A. 3
B. 4
C. 6
D. 12
60. Which of the following is a source of carbon skeletons that are used in the synthesis of amino
acids?
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. TCA cycle intermediates
C. glycolysis intermediates
D. all of the choices
E. none of the choices
61. Which of the following cofactors is used in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines?
A. acetyl-CoA
B. cytidine diphosphate
C. glutathione
D. folic acid
62. Which of the following is true about the synthesis of macromolecules from monomeric
subunits?
A. It saves genetic storage capacity.
B. It saves biosynthetic raw materials.
C. It saves energy.
D. all of the choices
E. none of the choice
63. Which pathway(s) is used to fix carbon dioxide?
A. glycolysis
B. reductive tricarboxylic pathway
C. pentose phosphate pathway
D. Entner-Doudoroff
64. During Embden-Meyerhof Pathway (Glycolysis) the phosporylation of ADP occurs between
1,3- bisphophoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate. What type of phosphorylation is this an
example of?
65. If the methyl-accepting chemotoxis protein (MCP) is bounded to attractant molecules in
which direction does the flagella rotate?
66. In what direction does the flagella rotate when it is in the default mode?
67. A fatty acid having 16 carbons has the potential to yield how many ATP’s when it is
completely catabolized?
68. The flow of carbon and energy in an ecosystem are intimately related. Light energy is
trapped by photoautotrophs, and some of this flows to chemoheterotrophs when they use the
former for nutrients. The carbon dioxide produced during respiration can be incorporated into
complex organic molecules during photosynthesis.
True False
69. Some endergonic reactions can be made to proceed forward if they are coupled to hydrolysis
of one or more of the phosphates of ATP.
True False
70. In bacilli, peptidoglycan synthesis occurs at the site of septum formation and at multiple sites
scattered along the cylindrical portion of the rod so that growth is diffusely distributed.
True False