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Transcript
TheStagesofCellularRespira3on Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2 Electrons carried via NADH Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvate CYTOSOL Pyruvate oxidation Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis MITOCHONDRION ATP ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation ATP Oxidative phosphorylation * * Citricacidcycleand oxida3vephosphoryla3on inmitochondria * * Burn2ATP,make4ATP 2NetATPperglucosemolecule Notefficient,butyeastcansurvive Mitochondria Matrix:siteofKreb'scycle (citricacidcycle) Cristaeorinnermembrane: electrontransportchain andoxida3vephosphoryla3on 1 µm CitricAcid(Kreb's) Cycle Pyruvate CO2 NAD+ CoA Completesbreakdownof pyruvatetoCO2 GeneratesNADHand FADH NADH + H+ Acetyl CoA CoA CoA Citric acid cycle FADH2 2 CO2 3 NAD+ 3 NADH FAD + 3 H+ ADP + P i ATP NADH/FADHfromKreb'scycleareusedtopowertheelectron transportchaininthemitochondrialinnermembrane Protons(H+)pumpedinto inner-membranespace MostATPismade bythismechanism ATPsynthase Hydroelectricdam ATP ADP glycerol * Glycerolentersglycolysisvia dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) * Citricacidcycleand oxida3vephosphoryla3on inmitochondria * Burn1ATP,make2ATP 1NetATPperglycerolmolecule Notefficientenoughforsurvival Yeastwithmitochondrialproblemscannotgrow onglyceroleveniftheycangrowonglucose Somedrugsinterferewithelectrontransport MTTcanprobeelectron transportchainfunc3on Somedrugsuncoupletheprotongradient Uncoupler Thisactuallyincreaseselectrontransportchainac3vity -BUT,sincetheprotongradientislost,noATPmade -Fu<lecycle–burnenergyandreleaseasheat insteadofmakingATP -Likepumpingwaterintoareservoirbehindabrokendam (wasteofenergy) Thermogeninproteinmadeinbrownfat3ssuemakes holesintheinnermembrane,allowingprotonstoleak (naturaluncoupler) Thermogenin Brownfatisimportant -generatesbodyheat -glucosehomeostasis(ie:burnoff excessglucose) -weightmaintenance Dinitrophenol–aweight-loss drugthatworks<too>well Takenbyfolkstryingtoloseweight Bannedin1930's
