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1) Which of these questions does not help to assess the validity of researching findings: A. Are the results presented fairly? B. What was the purpose of the research? C. How much did this study cost? D. How well was the study conducted? 2) The five basic perspectives that comprise psychological theory are A. Psychoanalysis, Gestalt, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Functionalism B. Neuroscience, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Humanistic C. Humanistic, Existential, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Introspection D. Experimental, Gestalt, Introspection, Structuralism, and Functionalism 3) __________ conditioning is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response, after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response. A. Learned B. Operant C. Repeated D. Classical 4) Descriptive research is an approach designed to systematically investigate a person, group, or patterns of behavior. Its methods include A. archival research B. naturalistic observation C. survey research D. case studies E. All of these 5) Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems? A. Experimental Psychology A. Experimental Psychology B. Cognitive Psychology C. Counseling Psychology D. Clinical Psychology 6) The __________ theory says that dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep. A. wish fulfillment B. activation-synthesis C. survival instinct D. dreams for survival 7) Health psychology focuses on A. how people perceive, sense, and learn B. how people grow and change throughout their lives C. how people develop their unique personalities over time D. how long-term stress can affect physical health 8) If a researcher conducting an experiment shakes his head no or nods his head yes eliciting a change in a response from the test subject, the researcher is exhibiting which phenomenon? A. Exclusionary bias B. Researcher bias C. Control bias D. Experimental bias 9) The translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed is called A. the biological method B. an operational definition C. the factual method D. the scientific method A. the biological method 10) A __________ is any passing source of physical energy that produces a response in a sense organ. A. stimulus B. shock C. perception D. sensation 11) The __________ is largely responsible for the control of large scale movements, as well as smaller, more precise movements of the body. A. Wernicke’s area B. Somatosensory area C. Motor area D. Broca’s area 12) In __________ theory, the true subject and meaning of a dream may have little to do with its apparent story line. A. manifest content B. desire C. latent content D. unconscious wish fulfillment 13) Which perspective argues that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control? A. Cognitive B. Behavioral C. Psychodynamic D. Neuroscience 14) __________ encompasses the processes by which our sense organs receive information from the environment. A. Knowledge B. Acquired Knowledge C. Sensation D. Perception 15) Which of the following subfields in psychology focuses on how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior? A. Clinical Psychology B. Counseling Psychology C. Experimental Psychology D. Behavioral Neuroscience 16) __________ memory holds information for 15 to 25 seconds and stores it according to its meaning rather than as mere stimulation. A. Long-term B. Processing C. Short-term D. Sensory 17) A lack of some basic biological requirement such as water, which produces a drive to obtain that requirement (thirst), is known as the __________ approach. A. drive B. instinct-reduction C. drive-reduction D. instinct 18) A type of learning where you watch the behavior of another person or model is called __________ learning. A. observational B. reward C. latent A. observational D. cognitive 19) Inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned are called __________. A. incentives B. motivation C. drives D. instincts 20) The maintenance of material saved in memory is called __________. A. retrieval B. processing C. storage D. encoding 21) According to the __________ theory of emotion, both physiological arousal and emotional experiences are produced simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus. A. Schachter-Singer B. James-Wundt C. James-Lange D. Cannon-Bard 22) __________ are feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behavior. A. Motivations B. Feelings C. Emotions D. Inner thoughts 23) This severe eating disorder causes people to refuse to eat while denying that their behavior and appearance are unusual. A. Purging B. Anorexia Nervosa C. Bulimia D. Binging 24) __________ motivation causes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment rather than for a concrete, tangible reward that it will bring to us. A. Cognitive B. Intrinsic C. Extrinsic D. Arousal 25) While you are taking a test in school, you are likely using which of the following memory tasks to answer the questions? A. recall B. storage C. encoding D. processing 26) The particular level of weight that the body strives to maintain, which in turn regulates food intake, is known as the __________ point. A. ratio B. obesity set C. weight set D. intermediary 27) A type of learning where a new behavior is learned but not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is called __________ learning. A. observational B. latent C. cognitive A. observational D. reward 28) Latent learning occurs without A. internal thoughts B. external responses C. external stimuli D. reinforcement 29) A response that, after conditioning, follows a previously neutral stimulus is called the __________ response. A. neutral B. unconditioned C. conditioned D. paired 30) According to the __________ theory of emotion, emotional experiences are a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an external situation. A. Schacter-Singer B. James-Lange C. Cannon-Bard D. James-Wundt