Download Unit 7 Study Guide ANSWERS 2014

Unit 7 Study Guide
1.
The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to
proteins.
2. Write the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following DNA strand:
GTAGTCA. CAUCAGU
2.
The main function of tRNA is to bring the amino acids to the ribosome.
3.
What events occur directly after RNA polymerase recognizes the transcription start site of a gene? Creates an
mRNA molecule from a DNA template by bonding RNA nucleotides (A, U, G, C)
4.
A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription produces a complementary strand
of RNA.
5.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid? codon
6.
How many amino acids are used to make up the all of the proteins in the human body? 20
7.
Define translation. Converts mRNA into a polypeptide (protein)
8.
Where is the site of translation? Ribosome in the cytoplasm
9. Which process makes use of tRNA? Translation
10. What determines the specificity of a protein? The order of the nitrogenous bases in the DNA
11. In a eukaryotic cell, where does mRNA processing take place? During Transcription
12. What are the two processes that link the gene to the protein? Transcription and Translation
13. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids.
14. Generally, mutations that affect a single gene occur during cell replication (Meiosis and Mitosis)
15. Mutations that can affect the offspring of an organism occur in what cell type? Germ/Sex Cells
16. Give an example of a mutagen? UV light, radiation
17. Define gene. A segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to produce a protein
18. Where are genes located? Chromosomes
19 Where is DNA located in the cell? Nucleus
20. What cell organelle is responsible for assembling proteins? Ribosomes
21. What is a mutation? An error in the DNA code that makes up a gene
22. DNA strand #1: AGCTGCTAGCTAACGTTCGACC
DNA strand #2: TCGACGATCGATTGCAAGCTGG
mRNA: UCGACGAUCGAUUGCAAGCUGG use DNA strand #1
Protein: Ser-Thr-Iso-Asp-Cys-Lys-Leu-G
use chart
23. Write the steps of protein synthesis in order:
1. Messenger RNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
2. Messenger RNA attaches to a ribosome
3. Transfer RNA bonds to a specific codon
4. Amino acids are bonded together