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Which of the following is a coenzyme associated with cellular respiration? A. NAD+ B. O2 C. FAD ___ D. both A and C Since glucose is a high-energy molecule and its metabolites, CO2 and H2O are low-energy molecules, the breakdown of glucose would be described as an _____ reaction. A. ___ exergonic B. endergonic NAD+ is _____ when it accepts two electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+). ___ A. reduced B. oxidized About _____ of the energy in glucose is transformed into ATP. A. 5% ___ B. 40% C. 75% D. 100% Which of the following statements correctly describes glycolysis? A. Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria. B. glycolysis requires O C. Glycolysis produces two molecules ___ of pyruvate. D. all of the above Which of the following is not a product of the complete breakdown of glucose? A. ___ O2 B. CO2 C. ATP D. H2O The first phase of glucose metabolism is _____. A. the Krebs cycle ___ B. glycolysis C. the electron transport system D. the transition reaction The coenzymes NAD and FAD carry electrons to the _____. A. nucleus B. Krebs cycle C. plasma membrane ___ D. electron transport system Since it is universally found in organisms, researchers believe_____ evolved first. A. the electron transport system B. Krebs cycle C. glycolysis ___ The inputs of glycolysis include _____. A. glucose B. NAD+ C. ATP D. all of the above ___ When a phosphate is transferred from a highenergy molecule containing a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP it's referred to as _____. A. photophosphorylation ___ B. substrate-level phosphorylation C. oxidative phosphorylation Glycolysis occurs in the _____. ___ A. cytosol B. matrix C. cristae D. nucleus There is/are _____ pyruvate molecule(s) produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis. A. one ___ B. two C. six D. ten If oxygen is not available _____ follows glycolysis. A. ___ fermentation B. the transition reaction C. the Krebs cycle D. the electron transport system When oxygen is available, pyruvate enters the _____. A. nucleus B. chloroplast C. plasma membrane ___ D. mitochondria Each of the two pyruvates produced during glycolysis has _____ carbons. A. ___ 3 B. 6 C. 12 D. 36 Which of the following is NOT a product (an output) of glycolysis? A. NADH B. pyruvate C. CO2 ___ D. ATP The "after taxes" (net gain) number of ATP produced during glycolysis is _____. A. 1 ___ B. 2 C. 4 D. 32 The ATP produced during glycolysis are produced by _____. ___ A. substrate-level phosphorylation B. oxidative phosphorylation C. photophosphorylation The enzymes of the transition reaction and Krebs cycle are located in the _____. A. cytosol ___ B. matrix C. cristae D. thylakoids The __________ connects glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. A. electron transport system ___ B. transition reaction C. cristae D. mitochondrial intermembrane When electrons are removed from pyruvate in the transition reaction, they are accepted by _____. A. acetyl Co-A B. FAD C. NAD+ ___ D. ATP Acetyl Co-A is formed during the transition reaction by attaching _____ to a two-carbon acetyl group. A. NAD+ ___ B. coenzyme A C. pyruvate D. oxaloacetate The first metabolite of the Krebs cycle is __________. A. lactate B. pyruvate C. oxaloacetate ___ D. citrate Which of the following is an output of the Krebs cycle? A. CO2 B. ATP C. FADH2 ___ D. all of the above Which of the following Krebs cycle products is disposed of by our respiratory system when we exhale? ___ A. CO2 B. ATP C. NADH D. FADH2 The electrons that enter the electron transport system are carried there by _____. A. NADH B. FADH2 C. both A and B ___ The energy released by the electron transport system produces ATP by _____. A. photophosphorylation B. substrate-level phosphorylation C. oxidative phosphorylation ___ The electron transport system is located in the _____. A. stroma B. matrix C. cytosol ___ D. cristae When O2 is reduced during the electron transport system, _____ is produced. A. ___ H2O B. CO2 C. ADP D. glucose When NADH produced during the transition reaction and Krebs cycle delivers electrons to the electron transport system, _____ ATP is/are produced. A. 1 B. 2 ___ C. 3 D. 36 The final electron acceptor in the electron transport system is _____. A. FADH2 ___ B. O2 C. coenzyme Q D. cytochrome b How many ATP molecules are produced when FADH2 delivers electrons to the electron transport system? A. 1 ___ B. 2 C. 4 D. 36 Oxygen debt is _____. A. ___ the amount of oxygen needed to get rid of lactate B. the amount of oxygen needed for cellular respiration C. the amount of oxygen needed for glycolysis D. the amount of oxygen the US owes Japan Animal cells perform _____ fermentation. A. ___ lactate (lactic acid) B. alcoholic C. both A and B The product of alcoholic fermentation that allows us to make bread is _____. A. O2 ___ B. CO2 C. H2O D. lactate During fermentation, _____ is regenerated and it returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons. A. ATP B. glucose C. NAD+ ___ D. pyruvate Athletes' cells _____. ___ A. metabolize more fats for ATP which maintains blood glucose levels B. have the same number of mitochondria as a "couch potato" C. produce large quantities of lactate and H+ D. all of the above Metabolites of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle can be converted to _____. A. amino acids B. glycerol C. fatty acids ___ D. all of the above Catabolism _____. A. breaks down molecules B. tends to be exergonic C. drives anabolism D. all of the above ___