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WHAT DO YOU THINK CAUSES CLIMATE CHANGE? Causes of Climate Change TASK TIME Complete the spider diagram above in your jotter. We will add to this at a later date so leave lots of space around it. CLIMATE CHANGE STARTER TASK: Causes of Climate Change – Card Sort As a group discuss the 10 cards and sort them into categories that you can justify. CLIMATE CHANGE TASK: Causes of Climate Change – Card Sort In the exam these reasons will be organised under the headings: 1. Human Factors; & 2. Physical Factors CLIMATE CHANGE TODAY: 1. The Greenhouse Effect 2. Physical and Human Causes of Climate Change About 50% of the sun's energy is radiated back into space. But some of the infrared radiation is trapped by greenhouse gases and warms the atmosphere, 5 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT TASK TIME Make a copy of this diagram into your jotter. Watch the media clip on the Greenhouse Effect and use the information in your booklet to write a paragraph explain what it is. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT This is the name give to the process whereby the Earth is warmed by the trapping of solar energy by gases in the atmosphere. Without the atmosphere / greenhouse gases the planet would be much cooler. It is essential to our survival. Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas. It accounts for almost 98% of the naturally occurring effect. Gases produced by human activity are responsible for a process known as ‘The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect’. Most scientists agree that this has led to an increase in natural warming in recent times. You will be learning about Global climate change physical and human causes local and global effects management strategies and their limitations PHYSCIAL AND HUMAN CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE This is a key exam topic. You should know the range of causes extremely well. Know which factors are human and which are physical as the examiner has been known to focus on one category only in the exam. For each factor include an explanation of why it is occurring and why it contributes to climate change. Students frequently lose marks as they do not link back to the question. You will be learning about Global climate change physical and human causes local and global effects management strategies and their limitations PHYSCIAL AND HUMAN CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE You will probably be most aware of the human causes of climate change as they have dominated recent press and the global warming debate. We will start by looking at these human causes of climate change. A good way to structure your thoughts is to focus on the four main greenhouse gases attributed to human activity. Remember these contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect. What do you think these gases are? Which is the most important? You will be learning about Global climate change physical and human causes local and global effects management strategies and their limitations THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT NOTE These gases are linked to technological developments and an increase in the World’s population. Some are more powerful than others. CLIMATE CHANGE - HUMAN ACTIVITY TASK: Causes of Climate Change – Card Sort Take two human cards each. Working with someone from another group discuss how this process contributes to climate change. Consider: a. What gas is released? b. Why this process occurs? Why gas is emitted? c. Whether there are viable alternatives? d. What this gas does? CLIMATE CHANGE - HUMAN ACTIVITY TIP: In the exam you will be credited for referring to named greenhouse gases. You will also get credit for explaining the greenhouse effect. The main gases we will look at are: Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Methane. It is good practice to write these out the first time you refer to them in your answer. If using chemical symbols / names get them right! Variety in your answer will be helped by discussing each gas. Watch these two clips from The BBC… TASK TIME Use the information in your sheets, the media clips and your discussion from earlier to complete Task 2 in your booklet. CLIMATE CHANGE - HUMAN ACTIVITY CASE STUDY – CARBON DIOXIDE The link between Carbon Dioxide and Global Temperatures. Work by scientists in this area started the global warming movement and underpins much of the theory behind it. LETS EXAMINE THE ROLE OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN CLIMATE CHANGE… Since 1958, scientists have measured the amount of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere from a site on the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii, a group of South Pacific islands. This site is one of the best locations in the world for measuring CO2 because there are no plants or human activities nearby to influence the measurements (any volcanic venting of gas is excluded from the record). The Mauna Loa data are considered to be a precise record of the concentration of CO2 in the region. TASK TIME Using the data in the table on the next slide, graph the annual average CO2 concentrations from 1959 to 2009. YOUR GRAPH SHOULD START LIKE THIS… Remember to include An appropriate scale Labels on both axis A title AFTER STUDYING YOUR GRAPH DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: WHAT pattern do you notice in the graph over 50 years? HOW do the last five years of data compare to the first five years? The level of CO2 in the year 1860 was approximately 280 ppm. HOW does the rise from 1860 to 1958 compare to that from 1958 to 2009? WHAT do you think caused the increase in CO2? Looking at the graph, WHAT do you predict the CO2 level will be in the year 2020? In the year 2050? WHAT factors could influence these predictions? HOW might the change in CO2 affect people and other living things? TASK TIME Once you have agreed on the answers write these up in your jotter. Try to include as much detail as you can and remember to include exact figures or simple calculations wherever possible. NOTE There is a clear correlation between levels of CO₂ and global temperatures. LONG TERM CLIMATE CHANGE / CO₂ NOTE There is a strong correlation between levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere and average global temperatures. METHANE Methane comes from many sources: a. Belching cattle b. Rice cultivation c. Decomposing waste / landfill sites d. Melting permafrost in Arctic areas Due to an increase in the world's population the pressure to meet the demand for food and development of GM crops has seen an exponential rise in cattle ranching and rice cultivation. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is very powerful in trapping solar energy. You will be learning about Global climate change physical and human causes local and global effects management strategies and their limitations CFCS Chloroflourocarbons: a. Released when air conditioning units and refrigerators are not disposed of correctly b. Still present in atmosphere from aerosol spray cans (although their use was banned) CFCs are a powerful greenhouse gas. They are relatively safe and used due to their ability to heat and cool quickly. However they are dangerous when disposed of. CFCs also thin the Ozone layer allowing more UV radiation in. You will be learning about Global climate change physical and human causes local and global effects management strategies and their limitations NITROUS OXIDES Commonly released as a by product of generating energy. Nitrous oxides are released from car exhausts. The level of car ownership continues to rise dramatically particularly in developing nations such as India and China. Nitrous oxides are also released from power stations and are a by product in the farming industry via fertilisers. You will be learning about Global climate change physical and human causes local and global effects management strategies and their limitations CARBON DIOXIDE Released in a number of ways Carbon Dioxide is the most well known of the greenhouse gases. It accounts for 55% of greenhouse gas from human activity. a. Burning fossil fuels in power stations and to run vehicles b. Deforestation by burning releases stored carbon. Reduced the ability of trees to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have increased dramatically. Peat bog reclamation in Scotland is another cause where land is being developed for wind farms. You will be learning about Global climate change physical and human causes local and global effects management strategies and their limitations ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY Good geographers will make the connection between rising levels of greenhouse emissions and other major developments in the world: a. Rapid population growth in the 20th Century b. Increasing technology linked to the use of natural resources c. Development across the developing world You will be learning about Global climate change physical and human causes local and global effects management strategies and their limitations CLIMATE CHANGE – THE PHYSICAL FACTORS REMEMBER The planet has been warmer and colder than it is at present in the past. Scientists note a cyclical pattern in the Earth’s temperature. CLIMATE CHANGE – THE PHYSICAL FACTORS THINK What might be causing this? What do we know causes the planet to warm and cool? What else might determine the amount of energy received? ACTIVITY Pair/group will research one physical factor. Use the resources you have been provided. Revision books, textbooks etc. You must make up a fact sheet on your chosen physical factor that can be photocopied for the other members. 1. Be no more than 2 pages 2. Include maps and / or graphs explaining how your factor affects temperature 3. Make reference to named examples / scientists 1. Volcanic Eruptions. 2. Sunspot Variation. 3. Milankovitch Cycles. 4. Variation in Albedo.