Download SBI 3C- The Cell: Part Two -use this note as a guide to fill in board

SBI 3C- The Cell: Part Two
-use this note as a guide to fill in board diagrams and supplemental information as we go through the lesson
Lysosomes: small circular organelles
formed by the vesicles from the Golgi
Apparatus; ONLY in animal cells; the
digestive/recycling organelle of the cell
Example:
Lysosomes works to get rid of an invading bacteria:
Structure: -vesicles formed when the
ends of the Golgi Apparatus pinch off
Function:
-digest food particles brought into the
cell from the extra cellular fluid
-destroy bacteria and viruses
Apostasis- lysosomes break open,
release powerful digestive enzymes and
decompose the entire cell
-organisms recycle the materials and use
them to build new cells
-known as “cell suicide”
-occurs when cells get old
The Interaction of Organelles –see diagram 1.2
Mitochondria: a sausage shaped organelle, the Powerhouse and Energy Production center of the cell, and
site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Structure:
Mitochondria are surrounded by TWO Membranes-an inner membrane and an outer membrane:
A. The smooth outer membrane serves as a boundary between the mitochondria and the cytosol.
B. The inner membrane has many long folds, known as CRISTAE. The Cristae greatly increases the surface
area of the inner membrane, providing more space for the Chemical Reactions to occur. (more surface area=
more reactions for cellular respiration= more ATP for the cell)
C. The inside of the mitochondria is referred to as the matrix. Some of the reactions occur in the matrix.
D. Mitochondria are usually more numerous in Cells that have a High Energy Requirement - Your muscle
cells contain a large number of mitochondria.
Function:
Mitochondria are found scattered throughout the Cytosol, and are relatively large Organelles.
-Mitochondria are the sites of Cellular Respiration.
Cellular Respiration- a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose and turn it into energy for the cell.
The energy for the cell is called ATP.
(Energy contained in food is released and converted to ATP. ATP is the molecule that most Cells use as their
main Energy Currency- like the fuel for the cell)
Mitochondria:
Chloroplast: found ONLY in plant cells, chloroplasts are where photosynthesis takes place
Structure:
A. Chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes: an outer membrane and an inner membrane. The space
between the two membranes is called the intermembrane space.
B. Each chloroplast also contains a system of flattened, membranous sacs called thylakoids.
C. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum (plural=grana).
D. The fluid inside a thyalkoid is called the lumen.
E. Grana are connected to each other by lamellae.
F. The fluid inside the chloroplast, outside of the grana is called the stroma.
G. Chloroplasts are green because they contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs energy in sunlight.
H. The many folded thylakoids provide a large surface area for photosynthesis to occur. (more surface area=
more reactions for photosynthesis= more food for the plant)
I. Chloroplasts contain their own DNA.
Function: converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (sugar). This process is called
photosynthesis.
Other Plastids:
Amyloplasts:
Structure: white, colourless plastids
Function: store glucose as STARCH in plants
Chromoplasts:
Structure: colourful plastids
Function: contain red, orange and yellow pigments found in flowers, fruits and vegetables
-help attract birds, bees and insects for pollination
Vacuoles: a large membrane-bound sac that takes up a large amount of space in most Plant Cells, LARGE
vacuoles are only found in plant cells
Structure:
-a large membrane-bound sac filled with a watery solution
-watery solution contains dissolved sugars, minerals, proteins
Function:
A.The vacuole serves as a storage area, and may contain stored proteins, ions, waste, or other cell products.
B. Vacuoles of some plants contain poison that discourages animals from eating the plant's leaves.
C. Pressure inside vacuoles helps keep cell membrane pushed up against cell wall (when vacuoles are full).
This is called turgor pressure and prevents the plant from wilting or drooping.
*Cells of animals and other organisms also may contain vacuoles, but they are much smaller and are usually
involved in food digestion.