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Chapter Introduction
Lesson 1 Classifying
Living Things
Lesson 2 Cells
Chapter Wrap-Up
How is the classification
of living things related to
the structure of their
cells?
What do you think?
Before you begin, decide if you agree or
disagree with each of these statements.
As you view this presentation, see if you
change your mind about any of the
statements.
Do you agree or disagree?
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. A group of organs that work together
and perform a function is called a
tissue.
3. Living things are classified based on
similar characteristics.
Do you agree or disagree?
4. Cell wall is a term used to describe the
cell membrane.
5. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus.
6. Plants use chloroplasts to process
energy.
Classifying Living Things
• What are living things?
• What do living things need?
• How are living things classified?
Classifying Living Things
• autotroph
• heterotroph
• habitat
• binomial nomenclature
• taxon
What are living things?
All living things have SIX characteristics in
common:
• Living things are made of cells.
• Living things are organized.
• Living things grow and develop.
• Living things respond to their
environment.
• Living things reproduce.
• Living things use energy.
What are living things? (cont.)
What are living things?
What are living things? (cont.)
• Some living things are unicellular,
which means they are made up of only
one cell.
• Many living things are made of more
than one cell and are called
multicellular organisms.
• Multicellular organisms can have
several layers of organization.
What are living things? (cont.)
• Groups of cells that work together and
perform a specific function are called
tissues.
• Tissues that work together and carry
out a specific function are called
organs.
• Organs that work together and perform
a specific function are called organ
systems.
What are living things? (cont.)
• During their lifetimes, living things
grow, or increase in size.
• Living things develop, or change,
during their lifetimes.
What are living things? (cont.)
• Organisms that convert light energy to
usable energy are called autotrophs.
• Heterotrophs are organisms that
obtain energy from other
organisms.
• If an organism detects a
change in its external
environment, it will respond
to that change.
What do living things need?
A specific environment where an
organism lives is its habitat.
habitat
from Latin habitare, means
“to live or dwell”
What do living things need? (cont.)
An organism’s habitat
must provide the food
and water that it needs.
What do living things need?
How are living things classified?
• Scientists group organisms with similar
traits and use a system to name them.
• Binomial nomenclature is a naming
system that gives each living thing a twoword scientific name.
• The branch of science that classifies
living things is called taxonomy.
• A group of organisms is called a taxon.
How are living things classified? (cont.)
• Using taxonomy, scientists divide all
living things on Earth into three groups
called domains.
• Domains are divided into kingdoms,
and then phyla, classes, orders,
families, genera, and species.
How are living things classified? (cont.)
• A dichotomous key is a tool used to
identify an organism based on its
characteristics.
• Dichotomous keys contain descriptions
of traits that are compared when
classifying an organism.
How are living things classified? (cont.)
key
Science Use an aid to identification
Common Use a device to open a
lock
How are living things classified?
• All living things grow, develop, and
reproduce.
• All living things are organized, respond
to their environment, and use energy.
• Scientists use a classification system
to group organisms with similar traits
and genetic makeup.
Which term refers to living things
made up of only one cell?
A. autotrophs
B. heterotrophs
C. multicellular
D. unicellular
Which describes organisms that
convert light energy to usable
energy?
A. autotrophs
B. heterotrophs
C. multicellular
D. plasmodial
Which is a tool used by scientists
to identify an organism based on
its characteristics?
A. binomial nomenclature
B. dichotomous key
C. habitat
D. taxon
Do you agree or disagree?
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. A group of organs that work together
and perform a function is called a
tissue.
3. Living things are classified based on
similar characteristics.
Cells
• What is a cell made of?
• How do the parts of a cell enable it to
survive?
Cells
• prokaryotic cell
• eukaryotic cell
• cytoplasm
• mitochondrion
What are cells?
• All living things have cells, the basic unit
of an organism.
• Microscopes are
used to view
details of small
objects or to view
things that are too
small to be seen
by the unaided eye.
Photodisc/Getty Images
What are cells made of?
• Cells are made of four types of
macromolecules—nucleic acids, lipids,
proteins, and carbohydrates.
• Cells are surrounded by a cell
membrane which keeps substances
inside the cell and helps protect the cell
by keeping harmful substances from
entering.
What are cells made of?
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic cells
do not have a
nucleus or other
membrane-bound
organelles.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles.
The Outside of a Cell
• The cell membrane is made of lipids and
proteins.
• Lipids protect the inside of a cell from the
external environment.
• Proteins and lipids in the cell membrane
transport substances between the
outside of a cell and the inside of a cell.
Some cells have a cell wall—a strong,
rigid layer outside the cell membrane.
The Inside of a Cell
• The inside of a cell is mainly water.
• This makes it easier for the substances
to move around inside a cell, gives cells
their shapes, and helps keep the
structures inside a cell organized.
• The liquid part of a cell inside the cell
membrane is called the cytoplasm.
The Inside of a Cell (cont.)
• The information that controls all of a
cell’s activities is stored in its genetic
material, called DNA.
• The information in DNA is transferred to
another nucleic acid called RNA, which
gives cells instructions about which
proteins need to be made.
The Inside of a Cell (cont.)
• Mitochondria are organelles that break
down food and release energy.
• Chloroplasts capture light energy and
convert it into chemical energy in a
process called photosynthesis.
The Inside of a Cell (cont.)
mitochondrion
from Greek mitos, means
“thread”; and khondrion, means
“little granule”
The Inside of a Cell (cont.)
• Proteins are made on the surface of
ribosomes that are in the cytoplasm of
both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• An organelle called the Golgi apparatus
packages proteins into tiny organelles
called vesicles, which transport proteins
around a cell.
• Other molecules are stored in organelles
called vacuoles.
The Inside of a Cell (cont.)
How do the parts of a cell
enable it to survive?
• Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a
cell membrane but have no internal
organelles with membranes.
• Eukaryotic cells
contain a nucleus
and many other
organelles.
• Plant cells have cell
walls, chloroplasts,
and a large vacuole.
Which term refers to cells that
have a nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles?
A. cytoplasm
B. eukaryotic cells
C. mitochondria
D. prokaryotic cells
Which are organelles that break
down food and release energy?
A. cytoplasm
B. eukaryotic cells
C. Golgi apparatus
D. mitochondria
Proteins are made on the surface
of which of the following?
A. cytoplasm
B. mitochondria
C. ribosomes
D. vacuoles
Do you agree or disagree?
4. Cell wall is a term used to describe the
cell membrane.
5. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus.
6. Plants use chloroplasts to process
energy.
Key Concept Summary
Interactive Concept Map
Chapter Review
Standardized Test Practice
Organisms are
classified based on
similar characteristics,
including cell structure
and function.
Lesson 1: Classifying Living Things
• Living things are organized, process energy, grow,
reproduce, respond to stimuli, and contain cells.
• Living things need food, water, and a habitat.
• Organisms are classified based on similar
characteristics.
Lesson 2: Cells
• Cells are made of water and macromolecules.
• Different parts of a cell enable it to perform special
functions.
Which is a specific environment
where an organism lives?
A. habitat
B. kingdom
C. phyla
D. taxon
What is the branch of science that
classifies living things?
A. biology
B. chemistry
C. taxonomy
D. binomial nomenclature
What is the source of energy for
heterotrophs?
A. air
B. light
C. other organisms
D. water
What is the liquid part of a cell
inside the cell membrane?
A. cell wall
B. cytoplasm
C. mitochondria
D. proteins
Which term refers to cells that do
not have a nucleus or other
membrane-bound organelles?
A. cytoplasm
B. eukaryotic cells
C. mitochondria
D. prokaryotic cells
Which term refers to living things
made of more than one cell?
A. autotrophs
B. heterotrophs
C. multicellular
D. unicellular
Which term refers to the three
groups scientists use to divide all
living things on Earth?
A. binomial nomenclature
B. domains
C. phyla
D. taxon
Which transports substances
between a cell’s environment and
the inside of the cell?
A. carbohydrates
B. cytoplasm
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
Which is the genetic material that
controls all of a cell’s activities?
A. DNA
B. mitochondria
C. ribosomes
D. RNA
Which capture light energy and
convert it into chemical energy in
a process called photosynthesis?
A. chloroplasts
B. mitochondria
C. proteins
D. vacuoles