Download Biology Final Exam Study Guide: All living things share 5 important

Biology Final Exam Study Guide:
All living things share 5 important characteristics:
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All living things get and use food for energy
They move
They grow
They reproduce
They respond to their environment
Part of Cell:
In Plant/Animal or Both:
Cell Membrane
plant/animal
Nucleus
plant/animal
Chlorophyll
plant
Cytoplasm
plant/animal
Mitochondria
plant/animal
Vacuoles
plant/animal
Chloroplasts
plant
Cell Wall
plant
Job:
Thin covering that
holds the cell
together
Controls all other
parts of the cell
“command post”
Green material inside
chloroplasts that
absorbs sunlight so
the plant can make
food
Watery substance in
a cell that other parts
float in
Helps the cell store
and use energy
“powerhouse” of the
cell”
Enclosed space that
stores food
molecules, water and
waste: “storage
room”
Contains chlorophyll
(green material) used
to trap sunlight
Thick covering: covers
a plant cell
membrane
Evolution:
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Natural Selection is Darwin’s explanation of how evolution happens.
Evolution is change over time.
Absolute dating is the method scientist use to determine the actual age of a fossil.
Most of the species found in fossil form are extinct.
Relative dating is the method scientist use to determine whether one fossil is older than
another fossil.
Mutation occurs when the bases appear in a different order in a DNA molecule.
To adapt is to adjust to a changing environment.
Evolution happens through mutation and natural selection.
Charles Darwin explained his theory of evolution by natural selection in a book called On
the Origin of Species.
Geologic time is the period of time that has passed since scientists believe the earth was
formed based on the study of rocks.
A mutation can happen when a base is left out, an extra base is added, or the wrong
base is used in the pace of the correct base.
The four points of Darwin’s theory of natural selection are overproduction, genetic
variation, the struggle to survive, and successful reproduction.
The traits that are best suited to the environment are selected.
Ecology:
Biome- An ecosystem found over a large geographic area
Habitat- The place where an organism lives
Community- A group of different populations that live in the same area
Ecosystem- The interactions among populations and the nonliving things in their environment
Population- A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area
Decomposers- feed on dead organisms
Herbivores- eat only plants
Producers- organisms that make their own food
Viruses and Bacteria
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Defense- a way your body fights of harmful organisms
Virus- very small disease-causing microscopic particle that invades cells to reproduce
itself
Viruses use parts of a living cell to make more viruses
A virus reprograms a host cell’s system to create new virus genetic material
The lysogenic cycle is the complete viral reproductive cycle
In the lysogenic cycle, a virus invades the cell wall of the host cell
In the lytic cycle, a virus invaded a cell, lies dormant (inactive), and completes the
reproductive cycle at a later time
Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that are prokaryotes
A prokaryote is an organism that does not have a nucleus
Bacteria reproduce through binary fission
The good bacteria help the body function and make it immune to illnesses
Vaccines can prevent and antibiotics can treat bacterial infections
The Human Body Organization:
Cell: the basic unit of life
Tissue: group of similar cells that work together
Organ: group of different tissues that work together
System: groups of organs that work together