Download TEACHER NOTES FOR INSIDE CELLS (Cells and Their Organelles)

INSIDE CELLS:
CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
Video Support Notes
Following many requests, these notes have been printed on
A4 size sheets for easy photocopying
Produced by Video Education Australasia
Commissioning Editor Christine Henderson
Teacher notes by Simon Garner
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Duration 27 mins
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These notes can be freely copied for classroom use only
INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
For Teachers
These notes contain two main sections. Firstly, there is information for teachers, including
a summary of the program; some further points to consider (designed to provide the
teacher with additional reference material and/or ideas for further discussion or written
activities); and a list of websites that might be useful to teachers and students - (by no
means an exhaustive list, but there are some good ones for starters).
Secondly, there is a range of suggestions for student activities. These are broken down into
activities suitable before viewing the program; a worksheet style photocopy master for use
during the video; and activities suitable for after viewing the video.
Brief Summary
This program presents an overview of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the kingdoms in
which they are found. With a subsequent focus on eukaryotic cells, it describes the form,
size and function of various organelles within them.
A brief rundown is also given at the introductory stage of units of measurement common in
the study of cells and organelles - microns and nanometres.
The purpose and function of organelles are defined, with detailed coverage of a range of
organelles covered via a ‘Cell Gallery’ tour. Tour guide and students make their way
through a series of collections – Introductory, Nuclear, Cyto, Energy, Protein and Vesicle.
The images shown in the gallery are illustrations based on images from microscopes and
electron microscopes. Descriptions of the form, size and function of different organelles
are provided by the tour guide, and by frequent text summaries.
In the Introductory collection, cells and organelles are covered in general terms, with a
more detailed description given of the form and function of cell membranes, and
membranes around other organelles.
In the Nuclear collection, the form, size and function of the nucleus is covered, together
with nuclear pores and the movement of RNA through them into the cytosol, and role and
function of the nuclear membrane and the nucleolus.
The Cyto collection contains illustrations showing the cytoplasm, cytosol and cytoskeleton,
and outlines the function of each.
In the Energy collection, the form, size and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts are
covered.
The Protein collection deals with the form and function of the rough and smooth
endoplasmic reticula, and ribosomes.
Finally, the Vesicle collection covers the form, size and function of the Golgi apparatus,
secretory vesicles, lysosomes and vacuoles.
The program aims to provide a comprehensive summary of cells and their organelles. It is
information-rich, and is designed to serve equally well as an introduction to a unit of study,
and/or as a summary at the end.
Used in conjunction with other teaching resources that provide both visual and written
information about organelles, it is designed to assist senior students develop a broad, but
detailed understanding of the form and function of the main cell organelles.
Further Areas to Consider
There is a lot of information within this video.
Included in these Teacher Notes, there is a variety of suggestions for student activities
before, during and after viewing the video. It may be useful to set aside time for at least
two screenings of the video.
There are a number of activities that could be worthwhile on subsequent screenings of the
program.
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
1. There are 38 questions provided for answering during the video program. It may be
advisable to have students complete those questions they can on the first screening,
and fill in the gaps on a subsequent screening.
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
2. An emphasis within this program is the use of many scientific words and expressions,
especially in terms of labelling organelles and smaller structures within them.
While one viewing of the program is not going to be sufficient to provide students with
enough exposure to the terminology, it could be viewed a subsequent time, with a
specific task involving students noting down various definitions and summaries from the
many provided.
This would require teachers to pause the video at relevant places, and is likely to
require another class session to complete. However, its value lies in the fact that apart
from being a note-taking exercise that results in students having a comprehensive
summary on the subject matter, it also ensures that their descriptions and definitions
are uniform.
3. Another exercise for which a subsequent viewing of the program would be necessary, is
to have students make notes for each organelle along the lines of ‘Form, Size,
Function’ – the structure given to the summaries throughout the program. The
outcome is that students have an ‘at-a-glance’ summary of the major organelles, and
some basic features.
A table is provided for these purposes at the end of Suggested Student Activities –
(After Viewing the Program).
4. Under Suggested Student Activities (Before Viewing the Program) are a couple of
exercises that could be self-corrected. Set them before the video and have students
check their answers as information is provided in the program. This might be a useful
in-class exercise to do during the first screening of the program, with the questions
from Suggested Student Activities (While Viewing the Program) completed during a
second screening.
Some Useful Websites
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/animcell.htm
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/plntcell.htm
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html
http://home.teleport.com/~amobb/biology/cellbio.html
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm
http://esg-www.mit.edu:8001/esgbio/cb/org/organelles.html
http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/flowcyt/educate/photos/cells/images.htm
(Good images here, royalty-free for educational purposes)
http://www.fortlewis.edu/acad-aff/arts-sci/biology/anatphys/cellsorg.htm
(useful set of quiz questions)
Other Relevant Programs available from VEA
Keeping it Together - Cell Membranes
The Cell CD-ROM
Diffusion and Osmosis
Cells & Tissues – Science Banks Series
Cell Division: Mitosis & Cytokinesis
Cells & Tissues – Science Banks Series
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
Introducing the Cell
Please visit our website for many more relevant titles www.vea.com.au
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
Some Suggestions for Student Activities
Before Viewing the Program
1. On the diagram of an animal, label as many cell organelles as you can.
2. State whether the following statements are true or false:
a)
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound Organelles
b)
Every type of living cell has a cell, or plasma membrane
c)
Different proteins are found on or in cell membranes
d) The nucleus is known as the information centre of a cell because that is where DNA
and other
genetic material is found
e)
A cell nucleus has one membrane surrounding it
f)
The nucleus is where the cells’ cytoplasm is found
g)
Cytosol is the name given to the fluid-like substance where many organelles are
found
h)
A cytoskeleton is rigid and inflexible
i)
Mitochondria are where a good deal of energy release occurs in a cell
j)
All eukaryotic cells have an identical number of mitochondria
k)
Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells
l)
Ribosomes are only found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
m) Cells have the ability to destroy non-functioning organelles within them
n)
All proteins made within a cell are used by that cell
o)
Vacuoles within plant cells can change in size and shape
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
Student Response Sheets
Video: "Inside Cells: Cells and Their Organelles”, published by VEA, 111A,
Mitchell St, Bendigo, 3550
1. What are the two types of living cell? In which of the biological kingdoms are each
found?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
2. Define organelles:
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
3. Complete the table for each of these units of measurement:
Unit
Micrometre
Nanometre
Symbol
Fraction of 1mm
4. On the image of a cheek cell in the gallery:
a)
How can you tell it’s a eukaryotic cell?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
b) How can you tell it’s an animal cell?
____________________________________________________________________________
____
5. What is another name for a cell membrane?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
6. State three functions of cell membranes:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
____________
7. Complete the sentences:
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
On
a
cell
membrane
__________________.
the
phosphate
heads
are
water-attracting,
or
The ______________ acid tails are water-repelling or
__________________.
8. State three types of proteins and the function of each found in and on the surface of
the cell membrane.
a)
b)
c)
9. The nucleus of a cell is often called its information centre. Why is this?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
10. What is the function of nuclear pores?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
11. What are nucleoli made of?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
12. Define cytoplasm. Where is it found in a cell?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
13. What is the cytosol?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
14. Identify two processes that occur in the cytosol.
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
15. What is the cytoskeleton?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
16. Identify two differences between microtubules and microfilaments.
___________________________________________________________________________
____
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
___________________________________________________________________________
____
17. What are microtubules and microfilaments made of?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
18. What function does the cytoskeleton serve?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
19. Why are mitochondria called the powerhouses of the cell?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
20. What are cristae?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
21. How many mitochondria can be found in cells?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
22. Identify two types of cell that have more mitochondria than others.
a)
b)
23. Why do these cells need to have more mitochondria within them?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
24. Why are there so many chloroplasts found in leaf cells?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
25. What are thylakoids? What are thylakoid membranes?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
26. What are stroma thylakoids?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
27. Chloroplasts are one type of plastid. What does this mean?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
28. Give two other examples of plastid.
a)
b)
29. Why is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called that?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
30. The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the outer membrane of which other cell
organelle?
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
31. Why do some cells in the human pancreas have up to 100 times the amount of
endoplasmic reticulum as other parts of the body?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
32. Identify two places within a cell where ribosomes build proteins.
a)
b)
33. Identify two functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
a)
b)
34. What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
35. What are secretory vesicles?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
36. What do lysosomes do?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
37. What is the main role of the vacuole in plant cells?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
38. As the vacuole expands in a plant cell, what happens to other organelles?
___________________________________________________________________________
____
___________________________________________________________________________
____
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
After Viewing the Program
As suggested, there is scope to complete further useful exercises on subsequent screenings
of this program. (See Further Points to Consider under ‘For Teachers’)
1.
From the program, complete definitions for the following terms. Add any of your own
at the end:
TERM
Eukaryotic cell
DEFINITION
Prokaryotic cell
Micron (micrometre)
Nanometre
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Nuclear envelope
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Tubulin
Cristae
Thylakoid
Stroma thylakoid
Stroma
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
Granum/grana
Plastid
Amyloplast
Chromoplast
Cisternae
Vesicle
Secretory vesicle
Vacuole
Tonoplast
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INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
2. From the information and summaries given in the program, complete the following
table:
Cell
type/organelle
Form
Size
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
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Function
INSIDE CELLS: CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELLES
Ribosome
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome
Vacuole
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