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The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include A) B) C) D) 2 B) C) D) charge separation electron transport RuPB PGA ATP G3P Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called A) B) C) D) 4 oxygen liberation The final product of the Calvin cycle is A) 3 chemiosmosis thylakoids grana photosystems photons The dark reaction in photosynthesis is limited by A) B) C) D) CO2, temperature, and light CO2, light, and water water, temperature, and CO2 oxygen, water, and temperature 5 Colors of light most useful in photosynthesis are A) B) C) D) 6 red, violet, and blue infrared, red, and yellow red, white, and blue During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced? A) B) C) D) E) 7 green, yellow, and orange cyclic photophosphorylation the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II carbon fixation the Krebs cycle O2 is not produced during photosynthesis The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the A) B) C) D) E) mitochondria cytoplasm of the cell stroma of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast all of the above 8 Both carotenoids and chlorophylls A) B) C) D) E) 1 B) C) D) contain porphyrin rings all of the above none of the above the light-dependent reactions the light-independent reactions both of the above none of the above Water vapor exits and CO2 enters a leaf through the A) B) C) D) E) 13 absorb photons of all energy ranges During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+? A) 12 are pigments stomata grana porphyrin rings photons stroma 14 What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle? A) B) C) D) E) 15 CO2 ATP H2O glucose High-energy photons A) B) C) D) 17 NADPH have long wavelengths have short wavelengths are more likely to produce red light than blue light cannot be absorbed During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound? A) B) C) D) E) H2O ATP RuBP glucose Chlorophyll 18 Which of the following occurs during the light-dependent reactions of plants? A) B) C) D) E) 19 chemiosmosis splitting of water all of the above none of the above The oxygen that is released as O2 during photosynthesis came from _____________ molecules. A) B) C) D) E) 22 electron transport carbon dioxide water glucose chlorophyll ATP How many carbon atoms are in a molecule of RuBP? A) B) C) D) E) zero one two three five 24 Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true? the light-dependent reactions can occur only in the light, the light-independent A) reactions only in the dark B) photorespiration is more efficient at producing glucose than is photosynthesis the light-dependent reactions produce the energy-rich compounds that are used to C) run the light-independent reactions D) 25 all of the above are true Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in A) heterotrophs photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; B) respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction C) of CO2 the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release D) energy photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in separate, specialized organelles; E) the two processes cannot occur in the same cell at the same time 27 Production of one molecule of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde requires how many turns of the Calvin cycle? A) B) C) D) E) 1 2 3 6 12 28 To reduce six molecules of carbon dioxide to glucose via photosynthesis, how many molecules of NADPH and ATP are required? A) B) C) D) E) 29 B) C) D) E) 12 NADPH and 18 ATP 18 NADPH and 12 ATP 24 NADPH and 18 ATP glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate glucose fructose ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate sucrose Rubisco: A) B) C) D) E) 32 12 NADPH and 12 ATP The primary form of sugar transported from the site of photosynthesis to the rest of the plant is: A) 30 6 NADPH and 6 ATP catalyzes the carboxylation of CO2 to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. initiates photorespiration when the CO2/O2 ratio is low. catalyzes the reduction of two molecules of PGAL to form glucose. all of the above (a-c). a and b, but not c. Light-driven electron transport in the chloroplast pumps H+ into the intermembrane space between the outer and inner membranes. A) B) 33 B) B) False True False For every CO2 molecule fixed by photosynthesis, one molecule of O2 is produced. A) B) 36 True If you know the absorption spectrum of a pigment, you can predict the pigment's color. A) 35 False CO2 fixation occurs within the stroma. A) 34 True True False Light is required for the light dependent reactions because A) B) C) it is the source for electrons it splits the water molecule it energizes electrons in the reaction center it splits ATP molecules which generates the energy necessary to power the light D) independent reactions E) none of the above Which of the following occurs in both photosynthesis and respiration? chemiosmosis glycolysis calvin cycle krebs cycle 2. Which of the following statements is FALSE? glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate 3. This process uses NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP oxidative phosphorylation fermentation glycolysis krebs cycle 4. This process begins with the production of Acetyl-CoA: chemiosmosis glycolysis fermentation krebs cycle 5. Cramps during exercise are caused by: alcohol fermentation glycolysis inhibition lactic acid fermentation chemiosmosis 6. Oxidative phosphorylation is also known as: chemiosmosis glycolysis fermentation electron transport chain 7. The final electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation is: oxygen water carbon dioxide ATP 8. Which of the following processes produces the most ATP? glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation fermentation krebs cycle 9. Which of the following is necessary for oxidative phosporylation to occur? ATP oxygen carbon dioxide lactic acid 10. Which of the following is the products of the Krebs cycle? ATP NADH FADH all of these During which metabolic stage is glucose broken down to pyruvate? (A) Glycolysis (B) The citric acid cycle (C) The electron transport chain (D) Oxidative phosphorylation 1 A What molecule is essential for aerobic respiration to take place? (A) Nitrogen (B) Oxygen (C) Ethanol (D) Carbon dioxide 2 B Which of the following is not one of the three major macromolecule components of food? (A) Carbohydrates (B) Lipids (C) Oxygen (D) Proteins 3 C Which of the following molecules contains three phosphate groups? (A) AMP (B) ADP (C) APP (D) ATP 4 D Which of the following is not a coenzyme? (A) CoA (B) FAD (C) ATP (D) NAD 5 C Organisms that acquire energy through photosynthesis are called which of the following? (A) Autotrophs (B) Chemotrophs (C) Prototrophs (D) Phototrophs 6 D In which protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane is FADH2 oxidized? (A) I (B) II (C) III (D) V 7 B Organisms that acquire energy through ingestion of food are called which of the following? (A) Autotrophs (B) Chemotrophs (C) Prototrophs (D) Phototrophs 8 B Chemotrophs require _________ and produce _________ while phototrophs require _________ and produce _________. (A) Water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen. (B) Oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen. (C) Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water. (D) Oxygen, water, phosphate, nitrogen 9 B In which protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane is ATP synthesized? (A) I (B) II (C) IV (D) V 10 D Metabolic reactions that synthesize molecules are classified as _________ while metabolic reactions that degrade molecules are classified as _________. (A) Chemotrophic (B) Phototrophic (C) Anabolic (D) Catabolic 11 C What type of metabolic reaction involves a loss of electrons from the molecule involved? (A) Oxidation (B) Reduction (C) Phosphorylation (D) Isomerization 12 A What molecule is produced when oxygen is reduced by the electrons in the electron transport chain? (A) Hydrogen (B) Water (C) NADH (D) FADH2 13 B What type of metabolic reaction involves a gain of electrons by the molecule involved? (A) Oxidation (B) Reduction (C) Phosphorylation (D) Isomerization 14 B How many molecules of carbon dioxide are generated during the citric acid cycle? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 15 B What type of metabolic reaction does not change the atomic make-up of the molecule involved? (A) Oxidation (B) Reduction (C) Phosphorylation (D) Isomerization 16 D How many molecules of ATP can be generated from one round of the citric acid cycle? (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 12 (D) 24 17 D What type of metabolic reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group? (A) Oxidation (B) Reduction (C) Phosphorylation (D) Isomerization 18 C Which of the following is not a component of the chemotrophic respiratory pathway? (A) Glycolysis (B) The citric acid cycle (C) Photosynthesis (D) Oxidative phosphorylation 19 C What is the name of the molecule generated in the final step of the citric acid cycle and is also used in the first step? (A) Oxaloacetate (B) Pyruvate (C) Acetyl-CoA (D) NADH 20 A Respiration that occurs without oxygen is classified as which of the following (A) Chemotrophic (B) Phototrophic (C) Aerobic (D) Anaerobic 21 D What is the main cellular structure involved in respiration? (A) Nucleus (B) Golgi apparatus (C) Mitochondria (D) ER 22 C Which of the following does not accurately describe the glycolytic pathway? (A) Anabolic (B) Catabolic (C) Chemotrophic (D) Metabolic 23 A How many carbon atoms are found in one molecule of glucose? (A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 9 24 C What is the end product of aerobic glycolysis? (A) Citrate (B) Pyruvate (C) ATP (D) NADH 25 B In what part of the cell does glycolysis take place? (A) Cytosol (B) Mitochondria (C) Golgi apparatus (D) ER 26 A An enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that adds a phosphate group to a molecule is called which of the following? (A) Aldolase (B) Enolase (C) Kinase (D) Phosphorylase 27 C In the second step of glycolysis, the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase converts glucose-6- phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. This reaction converts a ___-carbon molecule to a ___- carbon molecule. (A) 3,4 (B) 4,3 (C) 5,6 (D) 6,5 28 D 29 B Which of the following molecules is not either oxidized or reduced during electron flow through the electron transport chain? (A) NADH (B) FADH2 (C) Coenzyme A (D) Oxygen 30 C How many molecules of ATP are produced during glycolysis (the net gain of ATP molecules)? (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 12 (D) 24 31 A 32 C Which of the following metabolic processes generates the most ATP? (A) Glycolysis (B) The citric acid cycle (C) The electron transport chain (D) Oxidative phosphorylation 33 D 34 D Where in an aerobic cell is NADH oxidized? (A) Cytosol (B) Mitochondria (C) Golgi apparatus (D) ER 35 B Which of the following events do not take place in the mitochondria? (A) Glycolysis (B) The citric acid cycle (C) The electron transport chain (D) Oxidative phosphorylation 36 A Which of the following is not a possible anaerobic glycolytic product? (A) Oxygen (B) Lactic acid (C) Ethanol (D) Carbon dioxide 37 A Ethanol is a product of which of the following processes? (A) The citric acid cycle (B) Homolactic fermentation (C) Oxidative phosphorylation (D) Alcoholic fermentation 38 D Which of the following is not a structural component of the mitochondria? (A) Matrix (B) Cytosol (C) Inner membrane (D) Intermembrane space 39 B What is the starting material of the citric acid cycle? (A) Acetyl-CoA (B) Glucose (C) Pyruvate (D) NADH 40 A Which stage in respiration produces the most coenzymes? (A) Glycolysis (B) The citric acid cycle (C) The electron transport chain (D) Oxidative phosphorylation 41 B The outer mitochondrial membrane is highly _________ while the inner membrane is _________. (A) Permeable, impermeable (B) Impermeable, permeable (C) Charged, uncharged (D) Uncharged, charged 44 42 A 43 B Which of the following is not generated during the citric acid cycle? (A) GTP (B) NADH (C) Carbon dioxide (D) Pyruvate 45 D 46 C How many molecules of NADH are generated during the citric acid cycle? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 47 C How many molecules of FADH2 are generated during the citric acid cycle? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 48 A D In which protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane is oxygen reduced? (A) I (B) II (C) III (D) IV 49 D The coenzyme NAD/NADH is involved in which of the following types of reactions? (A) Elimination (B) Isomerization (C) Oxidation/reduction (D) Phosphorylation