Download Biochemistry Test Review (Vocabulary on the back page

Biochemistry Test Review (Vocabulary on the back page)
Name____________
1.
What is an organic molecule? What must it contain?
2.
What are the 4 types of atoms found in greatest abundance in living things? What are the next 2
types after these 4?
3.
Draw a Lewis Dot diagram of Carbon showing its valence electrons, state how many covalent bonds it
can form and why this relevant to Carbon being the “element of life.”
4.
What is the empirical and structural formulas for water?
5.
Describe the types of bonds that water and the other organic compounds contain.
6.
All living things consist of 4 main organic compounds… what are they?
7.
Explain the relationship between a polymer and its monomers.
8.
What are the monomers of…… complex carbs (polysaccharides):
Proteins:
Lipids (sort of):
Nucleic Acids
9.
What is the empirical and structural formula for glucose?
10. All monosaccharides and disaccharides have the same empirical formula. Explain how they can be
different substances.
11.
Name three disaccharides and which two sugars they are made of.
12. Sugars are stored as ______ in plants and as_________ in animals.
13. Name the 4 polysaccharides that we learned about in class, which organisms make them, where they
are found in the organism, and the use.
14. Describe how lipids are different structurally than carbs and proteins.
15. What pieces make up a lipid (excluding steroids)? Which piece is polar? Which piece is nonpolar?
16. Compare and contrast a triglyceride, phospholipid, and wax (use and structure).
17. If you had the structural formula of a triglyceride in front of you, what would you look at to
determine if it was saturated or unsaturated?
18. What is the source of a saturated and unsaturated fat? What is a difference in their physical
properties?
19. What makes triglycerides better for storage of energy than polysaccharides?
20. What are the monomers of proteins?
21. Draw the standard structural formula for an amino acid. Label the amino and carboxyl groups and the
side chain. What does the side chain represent?
22. The amino acid sequence of a protein determines the _________ of the protein.
23. Amino acids are also called ____________.
24. Why must we consume proteins? Do we use protein for energy? Do we store excess proteins?
25. What are the two types of nucleic acids and where are they found?
26. What type of organic compound are enzymes? What do they do?
27. Compare and contrast a dehydration synthesis (condensation) reaction to a hydrolysis reaction.
28. Draw out the hydrolysis reaction of sucrose.
29. Draw out the dehydration synthesis reaction of a dipeptide.
30. Describe a lab technique for determining what type/s of organic compounds are in foods or other
substances.
31. Which type of organic compound/nutrient is THE BEST to give a Cholera victim (along with water and
electrolytes) ? Explain why.
32. Fill in the chart below:
Type of Organic
Compound
Atoms found
in compound
Monomers
that make up
the polymer
form
Structural
formula of the
monomer
XXXX
XXXXX
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
33. Name food that are good sources of
a. Simple carbs:
b. Complex carbs:
c. Lipids:
d. Proteins:
Unit 5 Vocabulary: Biochemistry
examples of compound
with function
Where each subtype is
found (what type of
organism and where in that
organism)
1. Carbohydrate
2. Protein
3. Peptide bonds
4. Hydrolysis
5. Lipid
6. Polymer
7. Dehydration synthesis/Condensation Rxn
8. Amino acids
9. Glucose
10. Glycerol
11. Fatty acid
12. Water
13. Polar
14. Nonpolar
15. Cohesion
16. Adhesion
17. Monomer
18. Disaccharides
19. Monosaccharides
20. Organic Compound
21. Nucleic Acids
22. Saturated fat
23. Unsaturated fat
B2.5x Energy Transfer
All living or once living organisms are composed of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates and lipids
contain many carbon-hydrogen bonds that also store energy. However, that energy must be transferred to ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) to be usable by the cell.
B2.2 Organic Molecules
There are four major categories of organic molecules that make up living systems: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
B2.5 Living Organism Composition
All living or once-living organisms are composed of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates and lipids
contain many carbon-hydrogen bonds that also store energy.
B2.2x Proteins
Protein molecules are long, usually folded chains composed mostly of amino acids and are made of C, H, O, and N.
Protein molecules assemble fats and carbohydrates; they function as enzymes, structural components, and hormones. The
function of each protein molecule depends on its specific sequence of amino acids and the shape of the molecule.
B2.5A
Recognize and explain that macromolecules such as lipids contain high energy bonds.
B2.2A
Explain how carbon can join to other carbon atoms in chains and rings to form large and complex molecules.
B2.2B
Recognize the six most common elements in organic molecules (C, H, N, O, P, S).
B2.2C
Describe the composition of the four major categories of organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids).
B2.2D
Explain the general structure and primary functions of the major complex organic molecules that compose living organisms.
B2.2E
Describe how dehydration and hydrolysis relate to organic molecules.
B2.4f
Recognize and describe that both living and nonliving things are composed of compounds, which are themselves made up
of elements joined by energy-containing bonds, such as those in ATP.