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Neurotransmitters Module: The Beery Twins’ Story © A Project-Based Learning Activity_ 801A 600 700 800 -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|------GCAACCUUUCAAAGGCUGGGCGCUGUACUGUGCAGGAAAGGCUGCUCGUGAUAUGCUGUUCCAGGUCCUGGCGCUGGAGGAACCUAAUGUGAGGGUGCUGAACUAUGCCCCAGGUCCUCUGGACACAGACAUGCAGCAGUUGGCCCGGGAGACCUCCGUGGACCCAGACAUGCGAAAAGGGCUGCAGGAGCUGAAGGCAAAGGGGAAGCUGGUGGAUUGCAAGGUGUCAGCCCAGAAACUGCUGAGCUUACUGGAAAAGGACGAGUUCAAGUCUG AAGU A N Q - T L P - F S F - Q K K - R A G - L G W - G R A - A C L - V T Y + L V C - C Q A - R E G - K R K - G L A - C L A - S V R - * I D - Y C M - A C L + V S F - P R Q - Human Sepiapterin Reductase mRNA Gene Map© G S V - P W L - G R A W G R G N T A 3DMD BioInformatics Activity © A - L - E - E - U P - N + V - R - V - L - N - Y - A - P - G - P | L - D - T - D - M - Q - Q - L - A - R + E - T - S - V - D - P - D - M - R - K + G - L - Q - E - L - K - A - K - G - K + L - V - D - C - K - V - S - A - Q - K + L - L - S - L - L - E - K - D - Teacher Notes Activity Guide The activity guide for the Human Sepiapterin Reductase mRNA Gene Map© will help you consider different ways you may use these materials. We encourage you to modify these lessons and activities to meet the learning objectives and needs of your specific students. Prerequisite Knowledge and Skills Before using the Human Sepiapterin Reductase mRNA Gene Map© students should have some background knowledge of the following concepts: ∙ Protein structure and folding ∙ Enzyme function/specificity ∙ Flow of Genetic information (DNA > RNA > protein) ∙ Mutations ∙ Mendelian inheritance patterns/pedigree analysis ∙ Neurotransmitters Objectives Use the Human Sepiapterin Reductase mRNA Gene Map© to: ∙ Relate the flow of genetic information (DNA > RNA > protein) to a specific human case study. ∙ Apply the concept that a protein is a linear sequence of amino acids that spontaneously fold into a ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ complex 3 dimensional shape following basic principles of chemistry and physics to the folding of a specific protein. Explain the consequences of specific biosynthetic pathway. Describe the role of a cofactor in a specific biosynthetic pathway. Elucidate the role of dopamine and serotonin in neurotransmission Examine the role of genomics in the diagnosis and treatment of disease in a specific case study. Materials Needed ∙ Teacher and student maps ∙ Student handouts 1 and 2 Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 Ret L M * G C * T M P Q V L W T Q T C S S W P G R P P W T Q T C E K G C R S * R Q R G S W W I A R C Q P R N C * A Y W K R T S S S L * C E G A E L C P R S S G H R H A A V G P G D L R G P R H A K R A A G A E G K G E A G G L Q G V S P E T A E L T G K G R V Q V W 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Handout Page 1 E - F | K - S - G - Neurotransmitters Module: The Beery Twins’ Story © A Project-Based Learning Activity_ 801A 600 700 800 -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|------GCAACCUUUCAAAGGCUGGGCGCUGUACUGUGCAGGAAAGGCUGCUCGUGAUAUGCUGUUCCAGGUCCUGGCGCUGGAGGAACCUAAUGUGAGGGUGCUGAACUAUGCCCCAGGUCCUCUGGACACAGACAUGCAGCAGUUGGCCCGGGAGACCUCCGUGGACCCAGACAUGCGAAAAGGGCUGCAGGAGCUGAAGGCAAAGGGGAAGCUGGUGGAUUGCAAGGUGUCAGCCCAGAAACUGCUGAGCUUACUGGAAAAGGACGAGUUCAAGUCUG AAGU A G - L G W - G R A - A C L - V T Y + L V C - C Q A - R E G - K R K - G L A - C L A - S V R - * I D - Y C M - A C L + V S F - P R Q - Human Sepiapterin Reductase mRNA Gene Map© G S V - P W L - G R A W G R G N T A 3DMD BioInformatics Activity © A - L - E - E - U P - N + V - R - V - L - N - Y - A - P - G - P | L - D - T - D - M - Q - Q - L - A - R + E - T - S - V - D - P - D - M - R - K + G - L - Q - E - L - K - A - K - G - K + L - V - D - C - K - V - S - Q - A - K + L - L - S - L - L - E - K - D - Teacher Notes Optional Materials The Genetic Codon Circle Amino Acid Side Chain Chart Lysine Threonine Lys Thr K T Gly Met Trp 3’ N G M W Aspartic Acid Histidine Phenylalanine Tyrosine His Phe Tyr Carboxylic Acid Group O- C N H O C C H N H C H Atom Color Key Carbon Alpha Carbon O O- C Nitrogen Oxygen Sulfur Amino Acid Property Key Negative Charge Hydrophilic Amino acid clip color and name color indicate property Cysteine Aspartic Acid Clips attach to mini toobers in 3D Molecular Designs’ kits Positive Charge Methionine Glutamine Tyrosine Histidine Amino Acid Properties Lysine Arginine Tryptophan Phenylalanine Proline Isoleucine Alanine Valine Glycine Copyright 3D Molecular Designs - All Rights Reserved - 2009, 2014 Version 3.5 3DMD Amino Acid Side Chain Chart © See Page 7 STOP C lin e Pro Leu CAU CAC CAA CAG His H His H Gln Q Gln Q CGU CGC CGA CGG Arg Arg Arg Arg R R R R U C A G T T T T AAU AAC AAA AAG Asn N Asn N Lys K Lys K AGU AGC AGA AGG Ser S Ser S Arg R Arg R U C A G A A A A GAU GAC GAA GAG Asp D Asp D Glu E Glu E GGU GGC GGA GGG Gly G Gly G Gly G Gly G U C A G Cysteine P P P P Ile I Ile I Ile I Met M ACU ACC ACA ACG Thr Thr Thr Thr Val Val Val Val GCU GCC GCA GCG Ala Ala Ala Ala AUU AUC AUA AUG G GUU GUC GUA GUG P U C A G Pro Pro Pro Pro A 3’ L Cys C Cys C Stop Trp W CCU CCC CCA CCG L L L L V V V V G UGU UGC UGA UGG UAU UAC UAA UAG Leu Leu Leu Leu A Tyr Y Tyr Y Stop Stop S S S S CUU CUC CUA CUG S G e Amino Acid Properties 3dmoleculardesigns.com Translation Start Codon Serine U Leucin Trp W ...where molecules become real TM Asparagine Glutamic Acid Leucine C A C STOP Tryptophan 3’ Threonine Hydrophobic G Pro Cys ine Cyste C Ser Ser Ser Ser UCU UCC UCA UCG STOP A G U C A G U C A G U C A Q O N C C H H A e sin ro Ty C H O N C H 3 U G G A C U G A C U U His +H U G U Phe F Phe F Leu L Leu L e cbm.msoe.edu O +H N C C 3 H C C UUU UUC UUA UUG din Amino Group A U sti Star Represents Side Chain G A Hi V U C Arg R P e gin ra pa As 5’ e I n As A U Y r Ty A G U C Gln C N C G Arginin Val ine Lys A G U C ine Valine Pro Lys C C U G A tam Y Proline Ile e Serin U C Glu F Isoleucine Cys Arginine r S Se K H Cysteine 3dmoleculardesigns.com R Arg Valine G e Asn Val A nin Tryptophan e C U G A C U G A C U G A reo Methionine ...where molecules become real TM Ala Th Glycine D Ala nin Asparagine Asp A V A G U C A UC GU G e E id Glu R c Ac Arg rti pa As d p ic Aci tam As Glu Glutamic Acid Arginine A r S e Ser L Phenylalanin Leu Q Glycine Gln A Gly Ala Se G Serine D Leucine lu Glutamine EG Alanine L 3’ Amino Acid Side Chain e Name rin Amino Acid Side Chain Phe F Name Leu Amino Acid Side Chain ine Name Leuc Amino Acid Side Chain Se Name Translation Start Codon Hydrophobic / Non-polar Negative Charge Translation Stop Codon Hydrophilic / Polar Positive Charge Translation Stop Codon Hydrophilic / Polar Negative Charge Hydrophobic / Non-polar Positive Charge Cysteine cbm.msoe.edu Copyright 3D Molecular Designs - All Rights Reserved - 2009, 2014 ...where molecules become real TM 3dmoleculardesigns.com cbm.msoe.edu Version 3.0 Copyright 3D Molecular Designs - All Rights Reserved - 2009, 2014 3DMD Genetic Codon Circle© See Page 6 3DMD Dopamine and Serotonin Biosynthesis Models Version 3.5 3DMD Genetic Codon Chart© See Page 5 3DMD Human Sepiapterin Reductase Model See 3dmoleculardesigns.com/Education-Products/Neurotransmitters-Module.htm Additional supporting materials are also available online including an 11x17 placemat with additional information about the Beery twins and their molecular diagnosis, and 8.5x11 placemats illustrating the synthesis of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. We recommend printing and laminating these materials for use in your classroom. You may wish to view the YouTube video found at the following link for more background information on the Beery Family: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUQFHecs8EQ. Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 Ret L M * G C * T M P Q V L W T Q T C S S W P G R P P W T Q T C E K G C R S * R Q R G S W W I A R C Q P R N C * A Y W K R T S S S L * C E G A E L C P R S S G H R H A A V G P G D L R G P R H A K R A A G A E G K G E A G G L Q G V S P E T A E L T G K G R V Q V W ionin K - R e K Isoleucin F - Q I Ile S hr P - F Meth L t Q - T TT N M Me A 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Handout Page 2 E - F | K - S - G - Neurotransmitters Module: The Beery Twins’ Story © A Project-Based Learning Activity_ 801A 600 700 800 -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|------GCAACCUUUCAAAGGCUGGGCGCUGUACUGUGCAGGAAAGGCUGCUCGUGAUAUGCUGUUCCAGGUCCUGGCGCUGGAGGAACCUAAUGUGAGGGUGCUGAACUAUGCCCCAGGUCCUCUGGACACAGACAUGCAGCAGUUGGCCCGGGAGACCUCCGUGGACCCAGACAUGCGAAAAGGGCUGCAGGAGCUGAAGGCAAAGGGGAAGCUGGUGGAUUGCAAGGUGUCAGCCCAGAAACUGCUGAGCUUACUGGAAAAGGACGAGUUCAAGUCUG AAGU A N Q - T L P - F S F - Q K K - R A G - L G W - G R A - A C L - V T Y + L V C - C Q A - R E G - K R K - G L A - C L A - S V R - * I D - Y C M - A C L + V S F - P R Q - Human Sepiapterin Reductase mRNA Gene Map© G S V - P W L - G R A W G R G N T A 3DMD BioInformatics Activity © A - L - E - E - U P - N + V - R - V - L - N - Y - A - P - G - P | L - D - T - D - M - Q - Q - L - A - R + E - T - S - V - D - P - D - M - R - K + G - L - Q - E - L - K - A - K - G - K + L - V - D - C - K - V - S - A - Q - K + L - L - S - L - L - E - K - D - Teacher Notes Project Ideas Teachers can lay a foundational understanding of the Beery twins’ story with the Human Sepiapterin Reductase MRNA Gene Map©. You may choose to develop a project-based learning module with your students using the following ideas: 1. Neurotransmitter Biosynthesis Pathways Students explore the neurotransmitter biosynthesis pathways of dopamine and serotonin to discover that in addition to proteins, amino acids play a key role in the synthesis of certain neurotransmitters. 2. Phenylketonuria (PKU) Case Study Using the dopamine biosynthesis pathway, students discover the root cause of phenylketonuria. Additional activities may include an exploration of the topic of newborn screening for genetic conditions and the ethical implications. 3. Inheritance Patterns Students use the Human Sepiapterin Reductase mRNA Gene Map© and other pedigrees to explore modes of inheritance of various traits and develop a deeper understanding of the vocabulary of genetics including heterozygosity, homozygosity, compound heterozygosity, dominance, recessiveness. 4. Mutations Students examine the various mutations noted on the gene map (hypothetical deletions) to determine the impact of these mutations on protein structure and function.dominance, recessiveness. 5. Exploring Scientific Literature Students research additional scientific journal articles for more information about whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing or other molecular stories in which sequencing played a key role in determining the cause of a disease. Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 Ret L M * G C * T M P Q V L W T Q T C S S W P G R P P W T Q T C E K G C R S * R Q R G S W W I A R C Q P R N C * A Y W K R T S S S L * C E G A E L C P R S S G H R H A A V G P G D L R G P R H A K R A A G A E G K G E A G G L Q G V S P E T A E L T G K G R V Q V W 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Handout 3 Page 3 E - F | K - S - G - Neurotransmitters Module: The Beery Twins’ Story © A Project-Based Learning Activity_ 801A 600 700 800 -------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|------GCAACCUUUCAAAGGCUGGGCGCUGUACUGUGCAGGAAAGGCUGCUCGUGAUAUGCUGUUCCAGGUCCUGGCGCUGGAGGAACCUAAUGUGAGGGUGCUGAACUAUGCCCCAGGUCCUCUGGACACAGACAUGCAGCAGUUGGCCCGGGAGACCUCCGUGGACCCAGACAUGCGAAAAGGGCUGCAGGAGCUGAAGGCAAAGGGGAAGCUGGUGGAUUGCAAGGUGUCAGCCCAGAAACUGCUGAGCUUACUGGAAAAGGACGAGUUCAAGUCUG AAGU A N Q - T L P - F S F - Q K K - R A G - L G W - G R A - A C L - V T Y + L V C - C Q A - R E G - K R K - G L A - C L A - S V R - * I D - Y C M - A C L + V S F - P R Q - Human Sepiapterin Reductase mRNA Gene Map© G S V - P W L - G R A W G R G N T A 3DMD BioInformatics Activity © A - L - E - E - U P - N + V - R - V - L - N - Y - A - P - G - P | L - D - T - D - M - Q - Q - L - A - R + E - T - S - V - D - P - D - M - R - K + G - L - Q - E - L - K - A - K - G - K + L - V - D - C - K - V - S - A - Q - K + L - L - S - L - L - E - K - D - Teacher Notes Next Generation Science Standards : Connections to A Framework for K-12 Science Education Dimension 1. Scientific and Engineering Practices 1. Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering) 2. Developing and using models 4. Analyzing and interpreting data 6. Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering). Dimension 2. Crosscutting Concepts 1. Patterns 2. Cause and effect: Mechanism and explanation 4. Systems and system models 6. Structure and function 7. Stability and change Dimension 3. Disciplinary Core Ideas Physical Science HS-PS 1: Matter and its Interactions HS-PS 1-6: Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium. Life Science HS-LS 1: From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes HS-LS 1-1: Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins, which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells. HS-LS 1-2: Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. HS-LS 3: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits HS-LS 3-1: Ask questions to clarify relationship about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring. Engineering, Technology and Application of Science HS-ETS 1: Engineering Design HS-ETS 1-2: Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering. HS-ETS 1-3: Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and tradeoffs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts. HS-ETS 2: Links Among Engineering, Technology, Science, and Society ETS 2.A: Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology ETS 2.B: Influence of Engineering, Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 Ret L M * G C * T M P Q V L W T Q T C S S W P G R P P W T Q T C E K G C R S * R Q R G S W W I A R C Q P R N C * A Y W K R T S S S L * C E G A E L C P R S S G H R H A A V G P G D L R G P R H A K R A A G A E G K G E A G G L Q G V S P E T A E L T G K G R V Q V W 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Handout Page 4 E - F | K - S - G -
