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Transcript
Cell Membrane Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell Structure: Thin layer of molecules with channels or pumps to allow substances to pass through Cell School Analogy: Fence, doors ALL cells have a cell membrane; if the membrane breaks, the cell falls apart! See the diagrams and microscope images of cells. Cell Wall Function: Gives certain cells shape and support Structure: Rigid (Solid, hard, firm), surrounds the cell membrane Cell School Analogy: Brick walls Only found in plant cells, some prokaryotic cells, and fungi See the diagrams and microscope images of cells. Nucleus Function: Contains the DNA of the cell; the DNA is the instructions for all of the cell’s structures and functions Structure: Located toward the center of the cell; dense; surrounded by a nuclear membrane Cell School Analogy: Instructor, principal DNA can’t leave the nucleus See the diagrams and microscope images of cells. Cytoplasm Function: Contains many substances dissoved in water; allows for the movement and transport of materials through the cell Structure: jelly-like fluid that surrounds all of the organelles inside the cell Cell School Analogy: halls Contains a lot of stuff! Made of about 80% water. See the diagrams and microscope images of cells. Mitochondrion Function: Converts food into a form of energy (ATP) the cell can use Structure: a bean-shaped structure with two membranes Cell School Analogy: People after lunch; Electrical transformers; appliances POWER HOUSE of the cell! ENERGY! Like a power plant, converting energy the cell can use to do what it needs to do. Where Cellular Respiration occurs See the diagrams and microscope images of cells. Chloroplast Function: Uses light energy to create food from water and carbon dioxide. PHOTOSYNTHESIS! Structure: flattened structure with layers of membranes inside; GREEN due to the chlorophyll pigment inside Cell School Analogy: Cafeteria Only found in plants and algae See the diagrams and microscope images of cells. Vacuole Function: Stores various substances in the cell; in plants, stores water that helps the plant cell to maintain structure Structure: In animal cells, small sacs distributed throughout the cytoplasm; in plants, large central sac that takes up a large majority of the cell Cell School Analogy: backpack, lockers Ribosome Function: Produces proteins based on instructions from DNA (Proteins are how your cells perform ALL of their functions, they aren’t just food!) Structure: Tiny proteins that look like dots throughout the cytoplasm. Also found all over the Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell School Analogy: Students! (They make all the products of the school!) Golgi Apparatus Function: Packages and transports substances around the cell Structure: flattened stacks of membranes They package things in vacuoles; same as golgi bodies/golgi complex Endoplasmic Reticulum Function: Location of protein synthesis (where the ribosomes make most of the proteins); sends them off to the rest of the cell Structure: flattened stacks of membranes covered in ribosomes Lysosomes Function: Break down / digest substances inside the cell Structure: a sac like a vacuole full of digestive enzymes Lots are found in white blood cells because they attack and break down harmful invaders in your body