* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Growth and development
Educational psychology wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Face negotiation theory wikipedia , lookup
Theory of planned behavior wikipedia , lookup
Psychophysics wikipedia , lookup
Attribution (psychology) wikipedia , lookup
Theory of reasoned action wikipedia , lookup
Behavior analysis of child development wikipedia , lookup
Maturity (psychological) wikipedia , lookup
Dialogical self wikipedia , lookup
Object relations theory wikipedia , lookup
Classical conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Learning theory (education) wikipedia , lookup
Transtheoretical model wikipedia , lookup
Piaget's theory of cognitive development wikipedia , lookup
Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development wikipedia , lookup
Behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development wikipedia , lookup
Social cognitive theory wikipedia , lookup
Developmental psychology wikipedia , lookup
Psychological behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Psychosexual development wikipedia , lookup
Growth and development Growth size Maturation biologically based unfolding of forms and functions Development acquisition of capacities and functions that evolve through experiences that influence elements provided by maturation Theories of mind Psychoanalytic theory Learning theory Cognitive theory Psychosocial theory Psychoanalytic theory Based on concept of conflict Sigmund Freud Neurotic disorders Basic concepts 1- Unconscious mental process Topography of mind 2- Psychic determinism 3- Instincts, drives, desires 4- Psychosexual stages Oral birth to 18 months Anal 18 to 36 Phallic stage 3-6 years Oedipal conflict Castration anxiety Latency Genital Fixation Regression 5- Mental defense mechanisms Unconscious transient or fixed Repression, denial, projection, reaction formation, rationalization, intellectualization, undoing, regression 6- Structural model of mind Id ego superego Psychotherapy Hypnosis Free association Resistance Transference Countertranceferance Learning theory (behaviorism) Acquisition and organization of patterns, responses and reactions, behavior is governed by learning principles and subject to influence of external environment Focus on external events Objective observation Basic concepts 1- Learning, acquisition modification and elimination, conditioning 2- stimulus 3- response 4- motivation 5- reward Primary, drives Secondary, motives e.g. praise 6-Exstinction 7-types of learning Classical conditioning Pavlov Elicit inherent behavior Unconditioned stimulus, response Conditioned stimulus, response Operant conditioning Skinner Reinforcement, continuous, fixed, variable Positive or negative Observational and imitational Behavior therapy Reinforcement Desensitization Cognitive development Jean Piaget Development of the process of perceiving, interacting and thinking of environment Observational and depends on making inferences Spectrum from reflexes to abstract ideas Stages each depend on other Basic concepts Classic and innate reflexes Assimilation: incorporation of present external stimuli to present schema Accommodation: modification of the present schema to incorporate more varied stimuli Adaptation Stages 1- sensor motor birth -2years Reflex operations birth-1 month No margin between what is self and what is non self Innate reflexes, Synchronizing reflex patterns Generating actions and seeing results Differentiate between an object and action Means to ends, Object permanence, Think of action Forming representations, symbols, words Differentiation of self from objects Intellectual conceptual thought 2- conceptual representational stage 2 years – maturity * Preoperational stage, early thinking 2-4 years thinking or planning actions and considering consequences * Intuitive thinking 4-7 years, increasing symbolic thoughts Similarities and differences * Concrete operational stage 7-11 years, object Reversibility, conservation, simple logical thinking * Abstract operational goes beyond visible objects Psychosocial development Erick Eriksson Originally dynamic Stages of development *At each stage there is body zone or environmental experience at which social interaction occurs * At each a social task or crisis 1-oral sensory stage 1 year trust vs. mistrust 2- Muscular anal 1-3 ys autonomy vs. shame 3- Loco motor genital 3-6 competitive behavior Initiative versus guilt 4- Latency 6-12 industry vs. inferiority competativeness with groop, cooperation, aggression and acceptance 5- Adolescence 12-18 identity vs. role confusion 6- Young adulthood 20-30 ys intimacy vs. isolation 7- Adulthood 30-65 year's generativity vs. self absorption children, work, options 8- maturity 65 ego integrity vs. despair Physical decline,mortality,losses