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Climate Change and Ozone Depletion Chapter 19 Video for Worksheet Eyes of Nye: Global Climate Change Page 1 of the notes on The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change is to be completed by reading the page and answering the questions. The following slides are for the completion of Pages 2 and 3 of the Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change Notes. CLIMATE CHANGE: (previously known as Global Warming) Causes of Global Warming: (due to anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Motor vehicles (NOx, CO2, O3) Power plants (NOx, CO2) Cattle (CH4) Rice farms/paddies (CH4) Forest fires (CO2) Deforestation (CO2) Land fills (CH4, CO2) Agricultural fertilizer (N2O) CLIMATE CHANGE: (previously known as Global Warming) Environmental Effects of increased surface temperature: Due to 1. Destruction of Arctic habitats melting of 2. Decrease in Arctic’s albedo (reflective) effect Arctic ice 3. Destruction of coast & coastal wetlands (caused by rising sea levels) due to: a. Melting of glacial ice and ice sheets b. Thermal expansion of water 4. Destruction of tundra habitats due to melting of permafrost (also emits CH4) CLIMATE CHANGE: (previously known as Global Warming) Environmental Effects of increased surface temperature: 5. Drought in some areas – fewer plants, more fires 6. Extreme storms in some areas due to increased water vapor in air 7. Changes in animal migration patterns and agricultural planting zones CLIMATE CHANGE: (previously known as Global Warming) Human Health Effects of increased temperatures: 1. More diseases that involve insect vectors (insects thrive in warmer climates) 2. Increased heat-stroke and heat-related deaths CLIMATE CHANGE: (previously known as Global Warming) International Treaty: KYOTO PROTOCOL (1997) IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) assessed & reported information to UN Based on assumptions that man-made emissions have caused global warming. Proposed to cut greenhouse gas emissions to below 1990 levels by 2012 Includes “cap and trade” and carbon credits Not ratified by U.S. – objection was due to developing countries (China, India) not required to ratify International Treaty: PARIS (2015) CLIMATE CHANGE: (previously known as Global Warming) Precautionary Principle: • Should we take drastic precautionary actions to prevent potentially serious future environmental problems? Example: placing polar bear on endangered list before it is actually endangered CLIMATE CHANGE: (previously known as Global Warming) Global Cooling due to volcanic activity: results from a large-scale eruption; cooling lasts a few years • Ash and gases spread into the stratosphere block the amount of sunlight that reaches Earth’s surface • SO2 gases react with H2O in stratosphere form sulfate salts that reflect IR back into space. Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines, 1991 Pages 2 and 3 of the notes on The Ozone Layer and Ozone Depletion are to be completed by reading the pages and answering the questions. The following slides are for the completion of Page 3 of The Ozone Layer and Ozone Depletion notes. OZONE DEPLETION Anthropogenic causes of ozone layer thinning/depletion: Use of CFCs in: 1. Aerosol sprays 2. Refrigerants (Freon by Dupont) 3. Foam/Styrofoam production 4. Fire extinguishers 5. Inhalers OZONE DEPLETION Environmental Effects of increased UV radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion: 1. Interferes with photosynthesis • Destroys plants • Destroys phytoplankton 2. Harms animals • Eye damage (cataracts) • Sunburn 3. Mutates DNA OZONE DEPLETION Human Health Effects of increased UV radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion: 1. Eye damage (cataracts) 2. Sunburn 3. Skin cancer (due to DNA mutations) OZONE DEPLETION International Treaty: 1.) Montreal Treaty (1987) • Cut CFCs by 35% by 2000 • Signed by U.S. 2.) Copenhagen Treaty (1992) • Accelerate phase-out of CFCs and similar chemicals (Goal: Ozone layer should return to 1980 levels by 2068; pre-1950 levels by 2108)