Download APES CH 19 Power Point Presentation - for notes

Climate Change and
Ozone Depletion
Chapter 19
Video for Worksheet
 Eyes of Nye: Global Climate Change
 Page 1 of the notes on The Greenhouse Effect
and Climate Change is to be completed by
reading the page and answering the questions.
 The following slides are for the completion of
Pages 2 and 3 of the Greenhouse Effect and
Climate Change Notes.
CLIMATE CHANGE:
(previously known as Global Warming)
Causes of Global Warming: (due to anthropogenic increases
in greenhouse gases)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Motor vehicles (NOx, CO2, O3)
Power plants (NOx, CO2)
Cattle (CH4)
Rice farms/paddies (CH4)
Forest fires (CO2)
Deforestation (CO2)
Land fills (CH4, CO2)
Agricultural fertilizer (N2O)
CLIMATE CHANGE:
(previously known as Global Warming)
Environmental Effects of increased surface temperature:
Due to
1. Destruction of Arctic habitats
melting of
2. Decrease in Arctic’s albedo (reflective) effect
Arctic ice
3. Destruction of coast & coastal wetlands (caused by
rising sea levels) due to:
a. Melting of glacial ice and ice sheets
b. Thermal expansion of water
4. Destruction of tundra habitats due to melting of
permafrost (also emits CH4)
CLIMATE CHANGE:
(previously known as Global Warming)
Environmental Effects of increased surface temperature:
5. Drought in some areas – fewer plants, more fires
6. Extreme storms in some areas due to increased
water vapor in air
7. Changes in animal migration patterns and
agricultural planting zones
CLIMATE CHANGE:
(previously known as Global Warming)
Human Health Effects of increased temperatures:
1. More diseases that involve insect vectors (insects
thrive in warmer climates)
2. Increased heat-stroke and heat-related deaths
CLIMATE CHANGE:
(previously known as Global Warming)
International Treaty: KYOTO PROTOCOL (1997)
 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
assessed & reported information to UN
 Based on assumptions that man-made emissions
have caused global warming.
 Proposed to cut greenhouse gas emissions to below
1990 levels by 2012
 Includes “cap and trade” and carbon credits
 Not ratified by U.S. – objection was due to developing
countries (China, India) not required to ratify
International Treaty: PARIS (2015)
CLIMATE CHANGE:
(previously known as Global Warming)
Precautionary Principle:
• Should we take drastic precautionary actions to
prevent potentially serious future environmental
problems?
Example: placing polar bear on endangered
list before it is actually endangered
CLIMATE CHANGE:
(previously known as Global Warming)
Global Cooling due to volcanic activity: results from
a large-scale eruption; cooling lasts a few years
• Ash and gases spread
into the stratosphere block the amount of
sunlight that reaches
Earth’s surface
• SO2 gases react with
H2O in stratosphere form sulfate salts that
reflect IR back into
space.
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines, 1991
 Pages 2 and 3 of the notes on The Ozone Layer
and Ozone Depletion are to be completed by
reading the pages and answering the questions.
 The following slides are for the completion of
Page 3 of The Ozone Layer and Ozone
Depletion notes.
OZONE DEPLETION
Anthropogenic causes of ozone layer
thinning/depletion:
Use of CFCs in:
1. Aerosol sprays
2. Refrigerants (Freon by Dupont)
3. Foam/Styrofoam production
4. Fire extinguishers
5. Inhalers
OZONE DEPLETION
Environmental Effects of increased UV
radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion:
1. Interferes with photosynthesis
• Destroys plants
• Destroys phytoplankton
2. Harms animals
• Eye damage (cataracts)
• Sunburn
3. Mutates DNA
OZONE DEPLETION
Human Health Effects of increased UV
radiation due to stratospheric ozone
depletion:
1. Eye damage (cataracts)
2. Sunburn
3. Skin cancer (due to DNA mutations)
OZONE DEPLETION
International Treaty:
1.) Montreal Treaty (1987)
• Cut CFCs by 35% by 2000
• Signed by U.S.
2.) Copenhagen Treaty (1992)
• Accelerate phase-out of CFCs and similar chemicals
(Goal: Ozone layer should return to 1980 levels by
2068; pre-1950 levels by 2108)