Download Heredity and Genetics Vocabulary

The following document is a running list of vocabulary terms for the
Carbohydrate, Lipid and Protein unit for Biology. The unit is one of the larger
units and contains a lot of vocabulary to keep straight. In order the help the
students I have created this study option for home.
Key terms will be added as we introduce them in class- I will put the new
terms in a new chart to cut down on printing waste, but the same document
will be sent home each time.
A copy of this document will also be posted on my teacher website located
at: http://www.greenwoodsd.org/Page/1009
To use as Flash Cards:
1. Cut only on solid lines.
2. Fold the card on the dotted line and put a small piece of tape on
the open end to secure and make the flash card that should show
the definition on one side and the vocabulary word on the other.
To Use a Matching Activity:
1. Cut the chart apart completely by cutting on all lines.
2. Have your child mix up the cards and try to match the correct
definition with the correct vocabulary term.
(A second chart can be printed to act as a key)
Genes
Alleles
Specific sets of directions (regions of DNA) for
building(code for) a protein
Alternate forms of genes that exist for specific
traits
Phenotype
Physical/Physiological traits displayed
genotype
Actual Gene pairs in an organism
Traits
A notable feature of quality (Ex: height, hair color,
eye color); variations of characters; determined by
expression of proteins
characters
An inherited trait
heterozygous
Gene pair with 2 different alleles (Tt)
homozygous
Gene pair with 2 identical alleles (TT or tt)
Dominant
Allele that is expressed in phenotype; Capitol
letters
recessive
Allele that may not be visibly expressed when
paired with a dominant allele; lower case letters
Homologous chromosomes
Chromosome pairs that have genes for the same
traits (but may have different allelic forms)
Punnett square
Show the probability of passing specific traits to
offspring
Gregor Mendel
Father of genetics; studied inheritance in pea
plants
Self-pollination
Fertilizes itself
Cross-Pollination
Pollen from one transfers to another
Complete dominance
Heterozygous phenotype is the same as the
homozygous dominant (RR and Rr both are red)
Incomplete dominance
Heterozygous offspring display a phenotype
intermediate to parents ( Red + White= Pink)
codominance
Both alleles in a heterozygote are separately
expressed (red + white= red and white splotches)
Autosomes
“body chromosomes” (44)
Sex chromosomes
XX= girl
XY=boy
Determines the sex of a person
Autosomal recessive
Gene is located on autosomes and requires 2
mutated genes (recessive alleles)
Ex: ss (sickle cell anemia)
Autosomal dominant
Requires 1 mutated gene (dominant allele)
Ex: Hh or HH
Sex-linked (“x-linked”)
Mutated gene is located on the X chromosome;
more common in males because the Y
chromosome does not compensate for the needed
protein; most are recessive