Download STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 12 – DNA Two Main Processes for

STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 12 – DNA
1.
Two Main Processes for DNA
a. __________________________________
b. __________________________________
2. The four Macromolecules studied in biology are
a. ______________________________(sugars)
b. ______________________________(fat)
c. _______________________________(enzymes, structural)
d. _______________________________(DNA and RNA)
3. The building blocks of DNA and RNA are called _____________________________________
4. Each building block consists of three main parts:
a. _____________________________
Draw a nucleotide
b. _____________________________
c. One of four nitrogen bases:
i. A= ____________________
ii. T= ____________________
iii. C=_____________________
iv. G=_____________________
5. Explain the structure of DNA.
6. State the complementary base pair rules for DNA.
REPLICATION
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
A
Why would DNA need to be replicated? (2 reasons – be specific)
What enzyme reads one side of the DNA and makes a complementary strands?
What enzyme unzips the double helix?
What enzyme acts as “glue” to make sure the new DNA strands are complete?
DNA is a double helix, a small portion of one side of DNA is shown below, use the base pair
rules to complete the complementary strand.
G
T
C
C
G
T
T
A
G
T
_____________________________________________________________________________________
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
12. What are the two main steps for protein synthesis?
a. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
13. Where does transcription occur in the cell and what is the purpose of the process?
14. What enzyme is responsible for the process of transcription and what does it do?
15. Where does mRNA go after it is made?
Practice: Complete the process of transcription below by filling in the proper mRNA nucleotide DNA.
sequence for strand 1 of the
Strand
C
G
T
A
A
G
T
T
A
C
1
A
DNA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------mRNA
G
C
A
T
T
C
A
A
T
G
T__________________
Strand 2
16. What is the job of tRNA?
17. What is codon and what is an anti-codon?
18. How does the CODON CHART work? Show that you understand by figuring out the amino acid
sequence if the DNA gene code is: TAC-ATG-TTC-GAA
19. How many codon combinations exist for the amino acid leucine? List all of them.
20. What would happen to the amino acid sequence in #18 if the following mutation occurred in the
DNA? TAA-ATG-TTC-GAA
21. What would happen to the amino acid sequence in #18 if this mutation occurred in the DNA?
TAC-ATC-TTC-GAA
22. What would happen to the amino acid sequence in #18 if this mutation occurred in the DNA?
TAC-ATC-TTC-GAT
23. How does a ribosome help with the process of translation?