Download IB Biology Chapter 1 Unit Test Study Outline

IB Biology Chapter 1 Unit Test Study Outline - Cells
1.1 – Intro to Cells
Cell theory
Functions of living organisms
Surface area to volume ratio and the importance in the limitation of cell size
How do emergent properties pertain to multicellular organisms
Types of cell differentiation (pluripotent, multipotent, unipotent, totipotent)
Typical vs. Atypical cells
Therapeutic uses of stem cells
Converting magnification and into size and size into magnification
1.2 – Ultrastructure of Cells
Ultrastructures of cells (know all that we talked about)
Cell compartmentalization
Difference between the resolution and magnification of light and electron microscopes. How does
wavelength determine the resolutions?
Ultrastructure of an E. coli specimen
Advantages of being compartmentalized in eukaryotic cells
Cellular ultrastructure functions and descriptions
1.3 – Membrane Structure
Amphipathic properties of the phospholipid bilayer (head, tail, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, polar,
nonpolar)
Emergent property of phospholipids when immersed in water
Fluid dynamics of the phospholipid bilayer
Polytopic vs monotopic
Integral proteins vs peripheral proteins
Multiple functions of membrane proteins (TRACIE)
What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
Properties of cholesterol and its role in membrane fluidity
Drawing the structure of a plasma membrane. Include integral and peripheral proteins, oligosaccharide
chains, glycoproteins, phospholipid bilayer (hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tail), phospholipids
Features of the Singer-Nicholson fluid mosaic model
Davson-Danielli model and what led to the falsification of the model
1.4 – Membrane Transport
Know the differences between diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport.
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane
Be able to tell the direction and speed of net flow of a solute based on situational circumstances
What is osmosis and how does aquaporin assist in osmosis
What is the difference between hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic? What is plasmolyzed, flaccid and
turgid?
Why is osmotic control important as it pertains to medical procedures?
What is facilitated diffusion and what is it dependent on?
What is primary active transport and how are integral protein pumps associated with primary active
transport?
What is the difference between uniport, symport and antiport?
What are the 6 steps of the sodium potassium pump? You should be able to explain in words and with a
diagram.
What is secondary active transport?
What is endocytosis and the difference between the 3 types of endocytosis.
What is exocytosis and the difference between constituted secretion and regulated secretion?
Explain and illustrate how membranes fuse.
1.5 - Cell Origin
What is spontaneous generation?
Describe Pasteur’s experiment in detail that disproved spontaneous generation.
What are 3 parts of the cell theory?
What is the difference between haploid, diploid, mitosis and meiosis?
What evidence do we have to support that cells come from the division of pre-existing cells? (looking
for 4 things)
What are the four steps needed for the first cells to have arisen from non-living material?
Which of these four steps were Miller and Urey able to recreate and which were they not successful
with and why?
Where do we see the assembly of organic molecules into polymers?
How do scientists think polymers first formed that could self-replicate?
What is the benefit of creating a phospholipid bilayer?
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
How can the endosymbiotic theory explain the development of the nucleus, mitochondria and
chloroplasts?
What is the evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for mitochondria and chloroplasts?
What elements/compounds were present in earth’s early atmosphere?
What is an aerobic and anaerobic mean and how does it relate to the formation of mitochondria?
1.6 - Cell Division
Why do cells divide?
When is mitosis required?
What are the stages of the cell cycle and what are the primary steps of each stage?
What the difference between haploid and diploid and which is produce from mitosis and meiosis?
What are the 3 main phases of interphase and what is the G0 phase?
What normal functions do cells carry out in interphase?
What is the difference between centromere, centriole, centrosome, chromosome and sister chromatid?
What are the 4 stages of mitosis and what happens in each?
What is cytokinesis and how is it different than mitosis?
What is the difference between plant and animal cytokinesis?
How and why are chromosomes supercoiled?
What are the 5 steps cyclins are involved in control of the cell cycle?
Know how Cyclin D, E, A and B specifically affect the cell cycle.
What are tumors and what is the difference between primary and secondary malignant tumors?
What are mutations?
What are mutagens and how can they form?
How can a primary tumor become a secondary tumor?
What is the correlation between smoking and cancer?