Download 3_2 MI_Semester One Study Guide

MI Final Exam (Unit 1-3.3) Study Guide—65 Min Exam on Tues 2.2.16 (40 MC, 4 Short Answer)—10% Grade
Unit 1—11 MC
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What is a MI? What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain human health? (1 MC)
What is the goal of PCR? What are the steps involved in PCR? (1 MC)
How is DNA sequenced? Create/interpret a horizontal/vertical chromatogram and gel DNA profile. (1 MC)
How can the ELISA be used to detect disease? What is the procedure of an ELISA? What is a negative/positive result? (1 MC)
Calculate TD, FD, serial dilutions, dilutions, and the concentrations of diluent samples and stock solutions? (1 MC)
How are gram-positive bacteria different from gram-negative bacteria? (1 MC)
What is a zone of inhibition test? What does the test show? How can you tell if a bacterium is antibiotic resistant? (1 MC)
Diagnose a patient with the appropriate type of hearing loss and suggest a medication intervention. (1 MC)
What is attack rate? How is it calculated? What conclusions can be made given attack rates? (1 MC)
What is recombinant DNA technology? How does this relate to plasmids, ligase, restriction enzymes, vectors, bacterial cells, and
genetic engineering? (1 MC)
What is a case control study? What is a cohort study? Determine if a study is case control or cohort. (1 MC)
Unit 2—7 MC
 What are the four types/classes of genetic disorders? How is each type inherited? What are examples of each? (1 MC)
 What is a karyotype? What can be learned by examining a karyotype? (1 MC)
 What is a pedigree? How do you read and create a pedigree? Why are they used? (1 MC)
 Why are Punnett Squares useful? How do you read them and determine genotypic probabilities? (1 MC)
 How is gel electrophoresis performed? Which bands are longer? Where are bands located? How much DNA is present? How do you
read a gel to learn genotype and phenotype? Why are DNA standards used in gel electrophoresis? (1 MC)
 What is gene cloning? Therapeutic? Reproductive? How is each cloning process performed? What are examples of each process?
When is each processed used? (1 MC)
 What is a vector? What are the six vectors used in gene therapy? When is each one used? (1 MC)
Unit 3—17 MC
 What does it mean to say a tumor is benign? Malignant? Metastatic? (1 MC)
 How do bone scans, CT scans, MRIs, and X rays work? Differentiate the four types of diagnostic imaging (1 MC)
 What are proto-oncogenes? How many do we have? How many must be mutated to cause an increase cancer risk? (1 MC)
 What are tumor suppressor genes? How many do we have? How many must be mutated to cause an increase cancer risk? (1 MC)
 How can cancerous cells be microscopically differentiated from normal cells? (1 MC)
 What is hyperplasia? Dysplasia? Carcinoma in situ? Invasive cancer? Differentiate these stages of cellular growth. (1 MC)
 What is the purpose of a microarray? How is a microarray conducted? How is mRNA isolated? How is cDNA formed? (1 MC)
 What do the results of a microarray indicate? How are the gene expression ratios interpreted? (1 MC)
 How are the Log2 values interpreted? How do the Log2 values relate to the gene expression ratios from the microarray? (1 MC)
 Categorize items as an environmental risk? Behavior risk? Biological risk? And genetic risk? Which risks are modifiable? (1 MC)
 How can a person’s cancer risk be decreased? (1 MC)
 What are intrinsic and extrinsic cancer risks? What are modifiable and nonmodifiable risks? (1 MC)
 What is lag-time? How does lag-time relate to case control and cohort studies? (1 MC)
 What is melanoma? What are the ABCDEs of melanoma? How does this relate to melanin? (1 MC)
 What is an independent variable within an experiment? What is a dependent variable? (1 MC)
 What is a model organism? Why are model organisms used in experiments? (1 MC)
 How does the wild type yeast and mutant yeast strains respond to UV light? Why do they respond in this manner? (1 MC)
College Readiness Standards (5 CRS, DNA Denature Experiment)
Short Answer
 Given the information provided in a serial dilution word problem, calculate TD, FD, and the concentrations of diluent samples and
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stock solutions.
How do you read a gel to learn genotype and phenotype? Which bands are longer? Where are bands located? How much DNA is
present?
Analyze the gene expression ratios, Log2 values, and correlation coefficient values provided. What do these values indicate?
Based on the information provided, determine and explain if the patient is at risk for melanoma. If the patient is at risk, then what can
the patient do to lower his/her risk?
FINAL IS 10% OF YOUR SEMESTER GRADE
(35 CONTENT MC—1.75 PTS EACH (61.25 PTS), 5 CRS MC (7.5 PTS)—1.5 PTS EACH, FOUR SHORT ANSWER— 31.25 PTS)
Name: ________________________________
Date: ____________________Period: ______
Unit 3.1-3.2 Final Review Guide: 2.5 points Extra Credit on Test—Due Monday 2.1.16
1. What is cancer? How do mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes increase a person’s cancer risk?
2. How are malignant (cancer) cells different than benign (normal) cells? How does a carcinoma form?
3. What is the purpose of a microarray? How is each step of a microarray performed?
4. Which gene(s) are induced by tumor formation? ___________
Which gene(s) are suppressed by tumor formation? ___________
5. Gene 1 and 2 have a correlation coefficient of 0.50 what does this
mean?
Gene
A
B
C
D
Gene Expression
Ratio
0.00
4.00
Log2 of Gene
Expression Ratio
N/A
-2.0
0.0
2.0
6. What are examples of environmental risk? behavior? biological? genetic? Which risks are modifiable? extrinsic?
7. What is lag-time? How does lag-time relate to case control and cohort studies?
8. What is melanoma? What are the ABCDEs of melanoma? How does this relate to melanin?