Download Questions for Respiration and Photoshyntesis

KEY - Questions for Respiration and Photosynthesis 
1. What are oxidation/reduction reactions? Chem. rxns that involve a partial or
complete transfer of e- from one reactant to another
2. The ETC involves a series of redox reactions in which electrons pass from
carrier to carrier down to oxygen the final electron acceptor.
3. What are the three main stages of cellular respiration? Glycolysis, prep for
and citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
4. What is the general equation? C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6CO2 + 6 H20
5. Define chemiosmosis. Generation of ATP from the movement of H+ ions thru
ATP synthases
6. What are the two types of respiration? Aerobic (oxygen) anaerobic (without
oxygen)
7. Which yields more ATP? Aerobic (36-38 ATP per glucose)
8. What are the two types of anaerobic respiration? Lactic acid and alcoholic
9. Which makes your muscles sore? Lactic acid
10. Both begin with what process? Glycolysis
11. Does this process require oxygen ? NO
12. Where does this process occur>? cytoplasm
13. What are the end products of gylcolysis? 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 2 NET
ATP
14. What is pyruvate? Forms at end of glycolysis - 3 C compound (there are 2
of them created)
15. Before pyruvate can enter the citric acid cycle what has to happen? Enzyme
process pyruvate, CO2 (2) is released creating a 2 C compound which joins
with CoA and NADH (2) is generated
16. What is released and what is created? CO2 and NADH is created (2 of
each bc 2 molecules of pyruvte)
17. What is the CAC? Citric Acid Cycle – occurs in mitochondria
18. What are the end products? 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP and 2 CO2 – double
bc 2 pyrvates therefore 2 acetly Coa….. (6,2,2,4)
19. What is the role of NADP and FADH? Electron carriers…. Shuttle e- to ETC
*** Final e- acceptor is OXYGEN
20. How is ATP generated? Oxidative phosphorylation – in mitochondria (etc and
chemiosmosis – generating ATP by moving H+ ions through ATP synthase)
21. What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration? Oxygen
22. Fats and proteins are converted into intermediates/molecules that can
enter glycolysis and CAC (fats are first broken down into fatty acids and
glycerol)
23. What yield the most ATP per gram? FATS
24. In respiration GLUCOSE is oxidized into CO2 and OXYGEN is reduced into
WATER
25. In photosynthesis WATER is oxidized into O2 and CO2 is reduced into
GLUCOSE
26. What is the overall equation for photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6 H20  C6H12O6 +
6 O2
27. What are the products of the light reactions? O2 gas released(water is
split), ATP and NADPH – used in Calvin
28. Where do they occur? Thylakoid membranes
29. What are the products of the dark reactions? G3P (used to make glucose
and other organic molecules),
30. Where do they occur? Stroma
31. Describe the structure of the chloroplast and mitochondria. SEE BOARD
32. What happens when a pigment absorbs a photon? e-gets excited (is
unstable) and is raised from the ground state
33. Where are photosystems located? Thylakoid – contain chlorophyll
34. Where do light rxns take place (thylakoid) dark rxns (stroma)
35. What is G3P? end product of Calvin aka dark rxn used to make glucose and
other organic molecules), ALSO part of GLYCOLYSIS (intermediate before
pyruvate)
36. How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one glucose
molecule? 6 (if each CO2 enters one at a time)
37. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis? NADP  it becomes
NADPH
38. What is the main goal of the light rxns? To make NADPH and ATP The dark
rxns? Fix CO2 into sugar
39. What advantage do C4 and CAM plants have over C3 plants? Help plants in
hot/dry env. to make glucose and conserve water efficiently
40. WATER is oxidized in photosynthesis into Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide is
reduced into GLUCOSE
41. RUBISCO most abundant enzyme on earth – combines CO2 and RuBp
42. Respiration (mitochondria) takes energy from food and converts it into ATP,
photosynthesis (chloroplasts) transforms light energy into food
Process
Uses oxygen
Fixes carbon dioxide
Electron transport chain
Endergonic/anabolic
Exergonic/catabolic
Calvin cycle
Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle
Oxidation/reduction rxn
Water is split and oxygen
released
Makes G3P
Makes pyruvate
Uses ATP synthases
Uses chemiosmosis
Photophosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Used by plants
Used by animals
Occurs in chloroplast
Occurs in mitochondria
Rubisco
Glucose produced
Oxygen formed as waste
Light and water needed
ATP and NADPH produced
ATP and NADH produced
ATP and NADPH used
Net gain 2 ATP
Net gain 32-34 ATP
Occurs in both plants and
animals
Photo
Light
Dark Rxns
Rxns
Glycolysis
Resp
Krebs
ETC
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
(Intermediate)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
CYTOPLASM
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X