Download Multiple Choice Review – Eukaryotes and Gene Expression

Multiple Choice Review – Eukaryotes and Gene Expression
1. There are four characteristics that can be found in all cells. Which of the
following correctly lists these characteristics?
a. Contain one or more chromosomes, ribosomes, have a cell wall and a
cell membrane.
b. Contain cell organelles, ribosomes, vacuoles, and have a cell
membrane.
c. Contain one or more chromosomes, ribosomes, cytoplasm and a cell
membrane.
d. Contain circular DNA, lysosomes, ribosomes, and have a cell
membrane.
A graph of surface area versus volume is shown below. Use this graph to
respond to questions 2 and 3 also below.
http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~gross/bioed/bealsmodules/area_volume.html
2. Based upon the data shown in graph form above, what is the relationship
between the volume of an object and its surface area?
a. As volume increases, surface area increases.
b. As volume increases surface area decreases.
c. As surface area increases, volume decreases.
d. There is a 1:1 relationship between the increase in volume and the
increase in surface area..
3. Referring to the data points from the graph above, which characteristic of
cubes increases most rapidly?
a. Surface area increases more rapidly than volume.
b. Volume increases more rapidly than surface area.
c. Surface area and volume increase at the same rate.
d. Surface area increases at twice the rate of volume.
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4. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have similarities as well as differences.
Which of the following describe eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?
a. Are smaller in size.
b. Have DNA as genetic storage molecule.
c. Contain cell organelles.
d. Are unicellular organisms only.
5. The nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane structure with pores. Which
of these best describes the function of these pores?
a. To allow small segments of DNA to leave the nucleus.
b. To allow RNA molecules to leave the nucleus after transcription.
c. To allow transcription factors, RNA, and other molecules involved in
gene expression access to genetic information stored in the DNA.
d. To allow the diffusion of proteins out of the nucleus and into the
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
6. Which of the following is not a function of the nucleus?
a. to produce rRNA
b. to safely store DNA
c. to ensure transcription into RNA
d. to ensure translation into proteins
7. Which of the following accurately reflects the DNA material found in
eukaryotic cells?
a. A eukaryotic cell contains only the portions of the DNA material
needed to perform its function.
b. A eukaryotic cell contains half the number of chromosomes of the
eukaryotic organism.
c. A eukaryotic cell contains all of the genes required for the entire
organism, but only certain genes are expressed in each cell.
d. A eukaryotic cell contains all of the genes required for the entire
organism and therefore can change from one type of cell to another
quickly.
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The image below represents the structure of DNA as seen in various
magnifications. Use this illustration to respond to questions 8 and 9 below.
1
2
3
4
5
http://janetsplace.charbonniers.org/image5/chromatin.jpg
8. During which of the following phases, as seen in the image above, is DNA
accessible for transcription and by which enzyme?
a. In #1 DNA polymerase can access the DNA
b. In #5 DNA polymerase can access the DNA
c. in #2 RNA polymerase can access the DNA
d. in #1 RNA polymerase can access the DNA
9. What are the structures seen in phases #2 and #3.
a. #2 shows DNA wrapped around histones while #3 shows
nucleosomes
b. #2 shows nucleosomes while #3 shows DNA wrapped around
histones
c. #2 shows DNA wrapped around RNA polymerase while #3 shows
transcription
d. #2 shows DNA polymerase while #3 shows DNA replication
10. When and where does mRNA processing occur?
a. It occurs in the nucleus when transcription begins.
b. It occurs in the cytoplasm after transcription is complete.
c. It occurs in the nucleus after transcription is complete.
d. It occurs in the nucleus during transcription.
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11. What are the two primary steps of mRNA processing?
a. alteration of the mRNA ends and removal of introns
b. Splicing of mRNA, removing exons and leaving introns.
c. alteration of the mRNA ends and attachment of RNA polymerase
d. methylation of the RNA and degradation of RNA.
The image below is of a chart that can be used to determine the amino acid
sequence of a protein, based upon an mRNA sequence. Use this chart to
respond to questions 12, 13 and 14 below.
12. A section of DNA has the following base sequence:
AGGTTCGCGAAT
What would be the resulting sequence of amino acids in the protein
produced?
a. Arginine – Phenylalanine – Alanine - Asparagine
b. Valine – Valine – Arginine – Aspartic acid
c. Serine – Lysine – Arginine - Leucine
d. Serine – Asparagine – Alanine – Tyrosine
13. If we were to title the chart shown above, which of the following would
represent an accurate title?
a. mRNA codon chart
b. DNA codon chart
c. mRNA anticodon chart
d. tRNA anticodon chart
14. A protein has the following amino acid sequence
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Leucine – Isoleucine – Glycine – Histidine
Which of the following accurately identifies a possible mRNA sequence for
this protein?
a. GAG – UAU – CCC – GUG
b. CTC – TAT – CCC- GUG
c. CUC – AUA – GGG – CAC
d. UAU – AUA – GGG - GUG
The illustration below represents a system found within eukaryotic cells. Use
this illustration to respond to questions 15 and 16 below.
http://www.yellowtang.org/images/how_endomembrane_sy_c_la_784.jpg
15. In the illustration above, substances are leaving area 1 and moving to area 2.
This is labeled in the image as transport vesicle from ER. As this vesicle is
leaving the rough ER, what is contained within this transport vesicle?
a. glycolipids
b. glycoproteins
c. sugars
d. RNA
16. Once the Golgi apparatus has received substances from the endoplasmic
reticulum, which of the following could happen to these substances?
a. The proteins are folded into their tertiary structure.
b. They are processed and transported outside of the cell.
c. They are returned to the nucleus.
d. They are reprocessed within the smooth ER.
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17. Which of the following accurately describes one of the roles of lysosomes
within cells?
a. They can carry sugars to help digest food materials within a vacuole.
b. They can lyse part of the cell membrane to allow molecules to pass
through.
c. They contain enzymes that can hydrolyze molecules.
d. They contain proteins that can be used to synthesize other molecules.
18. A peroxisome is a special type of lysosome that performs a critical function
for cells. What do they contain and what is this critical function?
a. They contain enzymes that synthesize hydrogen peroxide needed by
the cell.
b. They contain enzymes that hydrolyze hydrogen peroxide, which is
toxic to cells.
c. They contain enzymes that changes peroxide to hydrogen peroxide.
d. They contain hydrogen and oxygen used to synthesize hydrogen
peroxide.
19. The Golgi body (apparatus) and the plasma membrane have a functional
relationship. Which of the following accurately describes this relationship?
a. The proteins leaving the Golgi body (apparatus) must be transported
through the plasma membrane by active transport due to their size.
b. The proteins leaving the Golgi body (apparatus) are packaged in a
membrane unlike the plasma membrane to prevent fusion.
c. The proteins leaving the Golgi body (apparatus) must be able to pass
through the plasma membrane by passive diffusion.
d. The proteins leaving the Golgi body (apparatus) may become
embedded in, or will be transported through, the plasma membrane.
20. Whether the process of endocytosis or exocytosis is to occur, what must be
true regarding the membrane of the vesicle?
a. It must be composed of a single layer of phospholipids.
b. It must be composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
c. It must have transport proteins embedded into a phospholipid
bilayer.
d. It must have hydrolytic enzymes enclosed in order to digest the
plasma membrane.
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21. The image below highlights one of the cell organelles found in eukaryotic
cells. What is the name of this cell organelle and where are the structures
labeled “1” assembled?
a. Golgi apparatus; in the endoplasmic
reticulum
b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum; in the
Golgi apparatus.
c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum; in the
cytoplasm.
d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum; in the
nucleolus.
11
22. Within the endoplasmic reticulum, proteins are processed into glycoproteins.
How are the proteins altered and why?
a. Sugars are linked to the protein to indicate their destination.
b. Lipids are linked to the protein to indicate their destination.
c. Sugars are linked to the protein to indicate whether passive,
facilitated or active transport must take place.
d. Lipids are linked to direct any future processing of the protein.
The illustration below represents three possible transport mechanisms
through the plasma membrane. Use this illustration to respond to questions
23 and 24.
1
2
3
23. Three examples of transport across the plasma membrane are shown in the
illustration above. Which of these examples rely upon transmembrane
proteins?
a. Example 1
b. Example 2
c. Example 3
d. Examples 1, 2 and 3
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24. Example 3 in the illustration above appears to require energy. What type of
transport is this and why is energy required?
a. This is facilitated diffusion and energy is required for large proteins to
move across the plasma membrane.
b. This is passive diffusion and energy is required for molecules to move
from higher concentration to lower concentration.
c. This is active transport and energy is required for molecules to move
from lower concentration to higher concentration.
d. This is active transport and energy is required for molecules to move
from higher concentration to lower concentration.
25. Some proteins, such as insulin, are produced by cells and must be secreted.
What is the name of the process used and in which direction to the molecules
travel?
a. endocytosis; from inside to outside the cell
b. exocytosis; from inside to outside the cell
c. endocytosis; from outside to inside the cell
d. exocytosis; from outside to inside the cell
The illustration below represents one method of transportation into a cell.
26. What type of transportation is shown in the image above and why is this
method utilized rather than passive, facilitated or active transport?
a. Phagocytosis, because of the amount of liquid
b. Pinocytosis, because the solid molecule is too large for the other
methods
c. Phagocytosis, because the solid molecules is too large for the other
methods
d. Exocytosis because the cell is taking in a liquid and a solid.
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27. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are considered to be energy-converting
organelles. Which of the following best describes how each performs this
role in a cell?
a. Mitochondria convert solar energy into chemical energy while
chloroplasts convert chemical energy into ATP.
b. Both convert chemical energy into ATP, but using different methods.
c. Chloroplasts convert solar energy into chemical energy while
mitochondria convert chemical energy into ATP.
d. Chloroplasts convert solar energy into ATP while mitochondria
convert chemical energy into heat.
Use the images of below to respond to question 28.
Image #2
Image #1
28. Which of the images above represents a chloroplast and why?
a. Image 2 because the light dependent reaction occurs within the
intermembrane space.
b. Image 2 because cell respiration occurs within the thylakoids
c. Image 1 because photosynthesis occurs within the intermembrane
space.
d. Image 1 because the light dependent reaction occurs within the
thylakoids
29. What causes an increase in turgor pressure?
a. When a plant cell is in a hypotonic environment and the central
vacuole fills with water.
b. When a plant cell is in a hypertonic environment and the
mitochondria fills with water.
c. When a plant cell is in a hypertonic environment and the stroma fills
with water.
d. When a plant cell is in a hypotonic environment and the chloroplast
fills with water.
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30. What is the role of a contractile vacuole?
a. to maintain equilibrium when a prokaryotic cell is in a hypertonic
environment.
b. to maintain equilibrium when a prokaryotic cell is in a hypotonic
environment
c. to maintain equilibrium when a eukaryotic cell is in a hypertonic
environment
d. to maintain equilibrium when a eukaryotic cell is in a hypotonic
environment
31. Plant cells possess cell walls that provide support and protection for the cell.
However, materials must still pass between cells. How is this communication
and transfer of materials accomplished between plant cells?
a. tight junctions bind the plant cells into leakproof sheets
b. adhering junctions fasten plant cells into sheets
c. communicating gap junctions allow materials to pass
d. plasmodesmata are channels between plant cells
32. Animal cell junctions can bind or fasten cells together to provide for
leakproof or strong sheets. Which of the following accurately describes a
type of cell junction that allows for passage of materials between animal
cells?
a. plasmodesmata allow for transfer of materials between animal cells
b. gap junctions are totally leaky and allow substances to flow between
animal cells
c. tight junctions allow material to flow between animal cells
d. adhering junctions allow material to flow between animal cells
33. Plant and animals cells have similarities and also differences. Which of the
following are accurate statements about either plant or animal cells?
a. Plant cells are the smallest unit of life for plant species.
b. Chloroplasts are the smallest unit of life for plant species.
c. Mitochondria are the smallest unit of life for animal species.
d. Both plant and animal cells are surrounded by cell walls.
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The two images below represent a plant cell and an animal cell. Respond to
question 34, 35 and 36 based upon these images.
#3
#2
#
#1
Biologycorner.com
34. A structure found within both plant and animal cells is labeled #1 in both
images. Which cell organelle is this and what is its function?
a. Golgi apparatus; where packaging of molecules occurs for transport
within or out of the cell.
b. lysosome; carries enzymes to be utilized to break down molecules no
longer needed.
c. plasma; the internal gel like material that contains cell organelles
d. vacuoles; they store water or food materials for the cell
35. One of the images above has a cell organelle labeled as “#2”. Which cell
organelle is represented as #2
a. mitochondria
b. centriole
c. chloroplast
d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
36. Both images have a structure labeled as “#3”. Which cell organelle is
represented as #3?
a. chloroplast
b. mitochondria
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. nucleus
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37. Based upon the animal cell vs plant cell lab, and the images provided below,
which of the following statements correctly identifies one of the images and
why it is identified as that type of cell?
Cell image - #1
Cell image - #2
a. Cell 1 is the elodea cell because it has a central nucleus and little else
can be seen under the microscope.
b. Cell 2 is the elodea cell because chloroplasts can be seen.
c. Cell 1 is the cheek cell because the cell wall can be seen.
d. Cell 2 is the cheek cell because it is more complex than cell 1.
The surface area to volume ratio is critical for the life of a cell. To
visualize this we often determine the surface area to volume ratio
(SA:Vol) of cubes of various sizes. Utilize the following equations and
images to respond to questions 38, 39 and 40 below.
Cube #1
One side of cube
# of sides to cube
Vol (length x
width
e.
C x height)
10 cm x 10 cm
6
10cm x 10cm x
10cm
Cube #2
5cm x 5cm
6
5cm x 5cm x 5cm
Cube #3
1cm x 1cm
6
1cm x 1cm
x 1cm
38. Which of the responses below accurately represents the surface area of each
cube, 1, 2, and 3?
a. Cube 1 = 600cm2, cube 2 = 150cm2, cube 3 = 6cm2
b. Cube 1 = 60cm2, cube 2 = 30cm2, cube 3 = 60cm2
c. Cube 1 = 100cm2, cube 2 = 25cm2, cube 3 = 1cm2
d. Cube 1 = 1000cm2, cube 2 = 125cm2, cube 3 = 1cm2
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39. Which of the responses below accurately represents the volume of each cube
1, 2, and 3?
a. Cube 1 = 600cm2, cube 2 = 300cm2, cube 3 = 1cm2
b. Cube 1 = 100cm3, cube 2 = 25cm3, cube 3 = 1cm3
c. Cube 1 = 1000cm3, cube 2 = 125cm3, cube 3 = 1cm3
d. Cube 1 = 10cm3, cube 2 = 5cm3, cube 3 = 1cm3
40. Which of the following responses below accurately represents the SA:Vol
ratio of each cube 1, 2, and 3?
a. SA:Vol ratios: Cube 1 = 1.67, cube 2 = 0.42, cube 3 = .17
b. SA:Vol ratios: Cube 1 = 0.6, cube 2 = 1.2, cube 3 = 6.0
c. SA:Vol ratios: Cube 1 = 6.0, cube 2 = 12.0, cube 3 = 60.0
d. SA:Vol ratios: Cube 1 = 0.06, cube 2 = 0.12, cube 3 = 0.60
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Answer Key
Question #
Correct response
Question #
correct response
1
C
21
D
2
A
22
A
3
B
23
D
4
C
24
C
5
C
25
B
6
D
26
C
7
C
27
C
8
D
28
D
9
A
29
A
10
C
30
B
11
A
31
D
12
C
32
B
13
A
33
A
14
C
34
D
15
B
35
C
16
B
36
B
17
C
37
B
18
B
38
A
19
D
39
C
20
B
40
B
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