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Hazards: Take Control Global Climate Change By NEMO Saint Lucia DISASTER RISKS FACED BY THE CARIBBEAN Source: Primer Series by the Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction EARTHQUAKES FIRES GOAL: REDUCE DISASTER RISK DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR THE CARIBBEAN REGION HURRICANES VOLCANOES FLOODS LANDSLIDES MEDICAL EMERGENCIES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Hazard: Global Climate Change The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) has identified small islands as amongst the countries which will be most seriously impacted by climate change. Climate Change Cycle Disasters erode community resilience, thus increasing vulnerability to climate change. Disasters Climate Change Adverse impacts of climate change on society may increase the vulnerability to disasters. Climate Change Linkages Risk Mgn’t Plans Linking with the planning process Responsibility for Development ELEMENTS OF ADAPTATION Legislation and Enforcement Education and Communication Information and good science Financing adaptation Thompkins etal 2005 in UNEP report on CC in the Caribbean Climate Change Linkages Hazard Defined Preparing for Global Climate Change THE KEY IS: 1) KNOW THE DISASTER HISTORY OF YOUR REGION 2) KNOW YOUR COMMUNITY Preparing for Global Climate Change • Discuss the hazard with your family. • Know the effects. • Prepare a disaster plan. Preparing for Global Climate Change “The good news is that a natural hazard does not automatically have to lead to a disaster,” Mr. Ban said. “Countries such as Bangladesh, Cuba, Jamaica, Madagascar and the Philippines have shown that good building designs, proper land-use planning, public education, community preparedness and effective early warning systems can reduce the impact of severe weather events.” UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon 30 September 2008 Preparing for Global Climate Change • Building code November 30,1999 - The Ministry of Planning says a National Building Code for St. Lucia three years in the making is about to come to fruition. The development of the code has been further prompted by an increase is the destructive nature of natural disasters in recent times, which has been further exacerbated by spontaneous developments in several disaster prone areas of the country. As of April 2010 the Building Code has not been adopted Preparing for Global Climate Change “It is generally accepted that disaster mitigation pays. For example, the World Bank and United States Geological Survey once calculated that economic losses worldwide from natural disasters during the 1990s could be reduced by $280 billion if $30 billion were invested in disaster mitigation and preparedness — a ratio of $7 saved for every $1 spent.” Twigg 2001, p. 3. Preparing for Global Climate Change I want to urge you to act now in getting the insured household percentage up from 35%. I want to challenge you to strive at a 60% figure for this year, no matter how painful the financial cost Dr. Kenny D. Anthony Prime Minister of Saint Lucia January 16, 2005 Early Warning Systems The four components of an early warning system: 1. Monitor the hazard; 2. Quantify the hazard; 3. A disaster plan to address the hazard; [National Communiqué on Climate Change, Wind Speed Guidelines incorporating Climate Change, National Policy on Climate Change] 4. Effective communications for warning. Effects of Global Climate Change Extreme Heat Events?? Drought?? Effects of Global Climate Change Sea Level Rise??? Effects of Global Climate Change Across all sectors Effects of Global Climate Change Temperature Temperature Temperature System Rise +1.2oC by Rise +2.1oC by Rise +3.6oC by the 2030s the 2060s the 2080s Outer boundary of wetlands, Agriculture Deterioration of mangroves, Fish kill. [incl. fisheries] food security. beaches etc. will erode. Reduced dive Forestry tours Loss of tourism as coral in the tourism Tourism employment in reefs are sector decline the industry. damaged. as trees are lost. Effects of Global Climate Change System Temperature Rise +1.2oC by the 2030s Temperature Rise +2.1oC by the 2060s Temperature Rise +3.6oC by the 2080s Financial With an increase in insurance claims, both agricultural and structural there shall be the reactive increase in insurance costs for properties in vulnerable areas. Health The complex relationship between food security and Greater demands on Increase in number and HIV/AIDS manifest health care systems and variety of insect attacks as the nutritional emergency response and injuries. requirements of systems, people living with HIV/AIDS are higher. Effects of Global Climate Change System Forestry [and Bio diversity] Water Resources Temperature Rise Temperature Rise Temperature Rise +1.2oC by the 2030s +2.1oC by the 2060s +3.6oC by the 2080s Replacement of Widespread native species by extinctions invasive fish species. Poor water supplies increase the Decrease in quality incidence of Acceleration of the of potable water diarrhea, malaria, drying out of soil from salt water respiratory and vegetation can intrusion as sea infections, measles, lead to an increase in levels rise. and other water demand. communicable diseases. Loss of one of species Effects of Global Climate Change System Temperature Rise +1.2oC by the 2030s Temperature Rise +2.1oC by the 2060s Temperature Rise +3.6oC by the 2080s Rising sea levels Undercutting of traditional Destruction of inundate Marine and knowledge due to great major natural wetlands and Coastal changes in weather, migratory habitats and the other low-lying Recourses patterns, and plant species extinction of lands, erode distribution. many species. beaches. Threatened Rising sea levels inundate livelihoods in Greater Coastal wetlands and other low-lying agriculture, diminishment of Zone and lands, erode beaches, intensify tourism, subsistence and Human flooding, and increase the infrastructure, locally harvested Settlements salinity of rivers, bays, and and other key foods. groundwater tables. economic sectors. Effects of Global Climate Change System National Security Temperature Rise Temperature Rise Temperature Rise +1.2oC by the +3.6oC by the +2.1oC by the 2060s 2030s 2080s Land loss due to A scarcity of rising sea levels and food and water increased storm can transform Potential for surges, can damage peaceful populations to infrastructure and competition into move as uproot large numbers violence “Environmental of people. When weakening the Refugees” seek large numbers of ability of sanctuary. persons need to be countries to relocated tensions resolve conflicts can arise. peacefully. Effects of Global Climate Change the situation if adaptation is not done Map of 2035 Map of 1717 Map of 1979 What can WE do? Reduce the amount of paper used, reuse paper when possible and recycle paper to help reduce deforestation. • When possible, use transportation that does not burn fossil fuels to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. • Car pool to reduce the amount of fossil fuel used in transportation. Remember to turn off lights and electronic equipment, since this helps to reduce the amount of fossil fuels that is burned to make electricity. What can WE do? Use of renewable energy, such as wind and solar power, reduces the amount of energy needed from fossil fuels for production of energy. Some light bulbs use less energy (energy saving lights bulbs). Use these bulbs to reduce the amount of energy produced from burning fossil fuels. What can WE do? Do not cut trees down unnecessarily and plant trees where and when possible. Green vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to reduce global warming. Fix leaky faucets to prevent the wasting of water, especially hot water. Energy from the burning of fossil fuels is sometimes used to heat water. Electricity is also sometimes used to pump water to homes. What can WE do? Share information to help everyone play a part in reducing global warming and preparing for the impacts of climate change. Tell a friend or family member about climate change. Incorporate the topic of climate change into boy scout and girl guide activities, summer camps, environmental club plans and school curricula ALL CLEAR An “All Clear” announcement will not be possible for Global Climate Change. In fact… The warming trend is expected to continue. The country is projected to be warmer by up to 1.2oC by the 2030s, 2.1oC by the 2060s and 3.6oC by the end of the century. [SOURCE: climate studies group] Questions? The Sustainable Development and Environment Division Ministry of Physical Development and the Environment P.O. Box 709 Castries Waterfront SAINT LUCIA Tel. +(758) 451 8746 Fax. + (758) 451 9706 or 451 8746 (shared office email): [email protected] or [email protected] Online Resources National Emergency Management Plan http://stlucia.gov.lc/nemp Family Disaster Plan http://www.cdera.org/doccentre/familyplan.html Family Evacuation Plan http://stlucia.gov.lc/nemp/plans/EvacTemplate.doc Family Disaster Supplies List http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/docs/nemo/FamilyDisasterSup pliesCalendar.pdf