Download Effects of Global Climate Change - NEMO

Hazards: Take Control
Global Climate Change
By NEMO Saint Lucia
DISASTER RISKS FACED BY THE CARIBBEAN
Source: Primer Series by the Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
EARTHQUAKES
FIRES
GOAL: REDUCE DISASTER
RISK
DEVELOP POLICIES FOR
ACTIONS HAVING HIGH
BENEFIT/COST FOR THE
CARIBBEAN REGION
HURRICANES
VOLCANOES
FLOODS
LANDSLIDES
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
Hazard: Global Climate Change
The International Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC, 2001) has identified small islands as
amongst the countries which will be most
seriously impacted by climate change.
Climate Change Cycle
Disasters erode community resilience, thus increasing
vulnerability to climate change.
Disasters
Climate
Change
Adverse impacts of climate change on society may increase the
vulnerability to disasters.
Climate Change Linkages
Risk Mgn’t
Plans
Linking with
the planning
process
Responsibility
for
Development
ELEMENTS OF
ADAPTATION
Legislation
and
Enforcement
Education and
Communication
Information
and good
science
Financing
adaptation
Thompkins etal 2005 in UNEP report on CC in the Caribbean
Climate Change Linkages
Hazard Defined
Preparing for Global Climate Change
THE KEY IS:
1) KNOW THE DISASTER
HISTORY OF YOUR
REGION
2) KNOW YOUR
COMMUNITY
Preparing for Global Climate Change
• Discuss the hazard with your
family.
• Know the effects.
• Prepare a disaster plan.
Preparing for Global Climate Change
“The good news is that a natural hazard does not
automatically have to lead to a disaster,” Mr. Ban said.
“Countries such as Bangladesh, Cuba, Jamaica,
Madagascar and the Philippines have shown that good
building designs, proper land-use planning, public
education, community preparedness and effective early
warning systems can reduce the impact of severe weather
events.”
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon 30 September 2008
Preparing for Global Climate Change
• Building code
November 30,1999 - The Ministry of
Planning says a National
Building Code for St. Lucia three years in the making is about
to come to fruition. The
development of the code has been
further prompted by an increase
is the destructive nature of
natural disasters in recent times,
which has been further
exacerbated by spontaneous
developments in several disaster
prone areas of the country.
As of April 2010 the Building Code has not been adopted
Preparing for Global Climate Change
“It is generally accepted that disaster
mitigation pays. For example, the
World Bank and United States
Geological Survey once calculated
that economic losses worldwide
from natural disasters during the
1990s could be reduced by $280
billion if $30 billion were invested
in disaster mitigation and
preparedness — a ratio of $7
saved for every $1 spent.”
Twigg 2001, p. 3.
Preparing for Global Climate Change
I want to urge you to act now in getting the insured
household percentage up from 35%. I want to
challenge you to strive at a 60% figure for this
year, no matter how painful the financial cost
Dr. Kenny D. Anthony
Prime Minister of Saint Lucia
January 16, 2005
Early Warning Systems
The four components of an early
warning system:
1. Monitor the hazard;
2. Quantify the hazard;
3. A disaster plan to address the
hazard; [National Communiqué on Climate
Change, Wind Speed Guidelines incorporating
Climate Change, National Policy on Climate
Change]
4. Effective communications for
warning.
Effects of Global Climate Change
Extreme Heat Events??
Drought??
Effects of Global Climate Change
Sea Level Rise???
Effects of Global Climate Change
Across all
sectors
Effects of Global Climate Change
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
System
Rise +1.2oC by Rise +2.1oC by Rise +3.6oC by
the 2030s
the 2060s
the 2080s
Outer boundary
of wetlands,
Agriculture
Deterioration of
mangroves,
Fish kill.
[incl. fisheries]
food security.
beaches etc.
will erode.
Reduced dive Forestry tours
Loss of
tourism as coral in the tourism
Tourism
employment in
reefs are
sector decline
the industry.
damaged.
as trees are lost.
Effects of Global Climate Change
System
Temperature Rise
+1.2oC by the 2030s
Temperature Rise
+2.1oC by the 2060s
Temperature Rise
+3.6oC by the 2080s
Financial
With an increase in insurance claims, both agricultural and structural
there shall be the reactive increase in insurance costs for properties in
vulnerable areas.
Health
The complex
relationship between
food security and
Greater demands on
Increase in number and HIV/AIDS manifest
health care systems and
variety of insect attacks
as the nutritional
emergency response
and injuries.
requirements of
systems,
people living with
HIV/AIDS are
higher.
Effects of Global Climate Change
System
Forestry [and Bio
diversity]
Water Resources
Temperature Rise
Temperature Rise
Temperature Rise
+1.2oC by the 2030s +2.1oC by the 2060s +3.6oC by the 2080s
Replacement of
Widespread
native species by
extinctions
invasive fish species.
Poor water supplies
increase the
Decrease in quality
incidence of
Acceleration of the
of potable water
diarrhea, malaria,
drying out of soil
from salt water
respiratory
and vegetation can
intrusion as sea
infections, measles, lead to an increase in
levels rise.
and other
water demand.
communicable
diseases.
Loss of one of
species
Effects of Global Climate Change
System
Temperature Rise
+1.2oC by the
2030s
Temperature Rise +2.1oC by
the 2060s
Temperature Rise
+3.6oC by the
2080s
Rising sea levels
Undercutting of traditional
Destruction of
inundate
Marine and
knowledge due to great
major natural
wetlands and
Coastal
changes in weather, migratory habitats and the
other low-lying
Recourses
patterns, and plant species
extinction of
lands, erode
distribution.
many species.
beaches.
Threatened
Rising sea levels inundate
livelihoods in
Greater
Coastal
wetlands and other low-lying
agriculture,
diminishment of
Zone and
lands, erode beaches, intensify
tourism,
subsistence and
Human
flooding, and increase the
infrastructure,
locally harvested
Settlements
salinity of rivers, bays, and
and other key
foods.
groundwater tables.
economic sectors.
Effects of Global Climate Change
System
National
Security
Temperature Rise
Temperature Rise
Temperature Rise
+1.2oC by the
+3.6oC by the
+2.1oC by the 2060s
2030s
2080s
Land loss due to
A scarcity of
rising sea levels and food and water
increased storm
can transform
Potential for
surges, can damage
peaceful
populations to
infrastructure and
competition into
move as
uproot large numbers
violence
“Environmental
of people. When
weakening the
Refugees” seek
large numbers of
ability of
sanctuary.
persons need to be
countries to
relocated tensions
resolve conflicts
can arise.
peacefully.
Effects of Global Climate Change
the situation if adaptation is not done
Map of 2035
Map of 1717
Map of 1979
What can WE do?
Reduce the amount of paper used, reuse
paper when possible and recycle paper to
help reduce deforestation.
• When possible, use transportation that
does not burn fossil fuels to reduce the
amount of greenhouse gas emissions.
• Car pool to reduce the amount of
fossil fuel used in transportation.
Remember to turn off lights and electronic
equipment, since this helps to reduce the
amount of fossil fuels that is burned to
make electricity.
What can WE do?
Use of renewable energy, such as wind and
solar power, reduces the amount of energy
needed from fossil fuels for production of
energy.
Some light bulbs use less energy
(energy saving lights bulbs). Use these
bulbs to reduce the amount of energy
produced from burning fossil fuels.
What can WE do?
Do not cut trees down unnecessarily and
plant trees where and when possible. Green
vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, helping to reduce global
warming.
Fix leaky faucets to prevent the wasting of
water, especially hot water. Energy from the
burning of fossil fuels is sometimes used to
heat water. Electricity is also sometimes
used to pump water to homes.
What can WE do?
Share information to help everyone play a
part in reducing global warming and
preparing for the impacts of climate
change. Tell a friend or family member
about climate change.
Incorporate the topic of climate change
into boy scout and girl guide activities,
summer camps, environmental club plans
and school curricula
ALL CLEAR
An “All Clear” announcement will not be
possible for Global Climate Change. In fact…
The warming trend is expected to continue. The
country is projected to be warmer by up to
1.2oC by the 2030s, 2.1oC by the 2060s and
3.6oC by the end of the century.
[SOURCE: climate studies group]
Questions?
The Sustainable Development and Environment
Division
Ministry of Physical Development and the
Environment
P.O. Box 709
Castries Waterfront
SAINT LUCIA
Tel. +(758) 451 8746
Fax. + (758) 451 9706 or 451 8746
(shared office email): [email protected] or
[email protected]
Online Resources
National Emergency
Management Plan
http://stlucia.gov.lc/nemp
Family Disaster Plan
http://www.cdera.org/doccentre/familyplan.html
Family Evacuation Plan
http://stlucia.gov.lc/nemp/plans/EvacTemplate.doc
Family Disaster Supplies List
http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/docs/nemo/FamilyDisasterSup
pliesCalendar.pdf