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PROJECT IDENTIFICATION FORM (PIF)
PROJECT TYPE: Full-sized Project
THE GEF TRUST FUND
Submission Date: 7 September 2009
PART I: PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
INDICATIVE CALENDAR*
GEF PROJECT ID1:
PROJECT DURATION:24
Milestones
Expected Dates
months
mm/dd/yyyy
GEF AGENCY PROJECT ID:
Work Program (for FSP)
11/01/09
COUNTRY(IES): Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Egypt, Libya,
CEO Endorsement/Approval
01/01/11
Morocco, Montenegro, and Tunisia. The Palestinian Authority
Agency
Approval
Date
06/01/11
also participates.
Implementation
Start
08/01/11
PROJECT TITLE: Assessment of climate variability and
Mid-term Evaluation (if
08/01/12
integration of adaptation measures into national strategies and
planned)
regional plans for ICZM in the Mediterranean.
Project Closing Date
09/01/13
GEF AGENCY(IES): UNEP, (select), (select)
* See guidelines for definition of milestones.
OTHER EXECUTING PARTNER(S): UNEP Coordinating Unit
for the Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP/MAP), MAP’s Regional Activity Centers (RACs): Priority
Actions Programme (PAP/RAC) and Blue Plan (BP/RAC); and Global Water Partnership Mediterranean (GWP-Med).
GEF FOCAL AREA (S): International Waters
GEF-4 STRATEGIC PROGRAM(s): SP1, SP3
NAME OF PARENT PROGRAM/UMBRELLA PROJECT (if applicable): Mediterranean Sustainable
Development Program, (“Sustainable Med”)
A. PROJECT FRAMEWORK
Project Objective: The project will support the development of a region wide coordination to address climate variability in the
Mediterranean basin to integrate adaptation measures into ICZM plans basin, supporting the implementation of the ICZM
Protocol.
Project
Components
1.
Development
and
implementatio
n of Regional
Database and
Programme to
monitor
climate
variability
STA
Expected Outcomes
Expected Outputs
1.1. Achievement of
a region wide
agreement resulting
in the development
and implementation
of a long term
programme to
monitor climate
variability in the
marine and coastal
zone - programme
and
 Regional monitoring
programme developed including
agreement on impact
indicators2;
 Development of methods for
integration of climate variability
related environmental and
socioeconomic indicators into
ICZM strategies and plans;
 Agreed implementation plan
developed including responsible
institutions, financing etc;
 Current status of data and
models in the Mediterranean
analyzed, including the results
of major regional research
programs i.e Hymex3, Circe4,
etc.;
 Identification of data and
capacity gaps required to
1.2. Regional
database available
through web-based
platform of all
current data and
reports available on
Climate research in
the Mediterranean
Indicative GEF
Financinga
($ M) a
%
410,000
19
Indicative CoFinancinga
($ M) b
%
1,700,000
Total ($)
c =a + b
81
Based on Impacts of Europe's changing climate — 2008 indicator-based assessment Joint European Environment Agency
(EEA), European Commissions Joint Research Centre (JRC) and World Health Organization (WHO).
3 Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) - Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HYMEX)
4
CIRCE Integrated Project - Climate Change and Impact Research: the Mediterranean Environment
2
PIF-Adaptation to Climate Variability through ICZM/IWRM (ACC-MED)
1
2,110,000
2. Assessment
of climate
variability
and impacts
studies of the
Mediterranea
n coastal zone
3. Regional
Partnerships,
policy
support,
stakeholder
involvement,
sharing of
tools and
methods and
awareness
raising
STA
region.
monitor and track climate
change variability and support
models; and
 Dissemination of all project
results through web-based
platform (and integrated into
Communication Strategy of the
GEF Strategic Partnership for
the Mediterranean Large Marine
Ecosystem).
2.1 Assessment of
climate variability in
the Mediterranean
coastal zone;
Based on existing data,
complimentary projects in the
region, and data produced by the
project:
2.2 Impact Studies on
the vulnerability of
the Mediterranean
Sea natural and
socioeconomic
system in identified
vulnerable areas
TA
3.1. Network of
collaboration and
exchange for longterm policy
development and
promotion of
adaptation tools, in
support of the ICZM
protocol including
monitoring of climate
variability impacts on
the coastal zone and
related exchange of
best practices and
lessons learned
established
3.2. Enhanced
capacity for the longterm monitoring of
climate impacts in
the coastal zone, and
identification and
implementation of
appropriate
adaptation measures
required
4. Adaptation
TA
4.1. Cost effective
620,000
28
1,600,000
72
2,220,000
 National partnerships in
participating countries
established to ensure that ICZM
and climate change
considerations are tackled by
competent national policy
makers and experts on
environmental, water, land and
marine management issues;
 Mediterranean Platform of
exchange experiences and best
practices and the identification
of most efficient and cost
effective tools available;
 Increased awareness, forged
partnerships and joint actions to
support ICZM protocol
ratification and implementation.
 Regional and National level
training (min of 6) on policy and
technical tools and options,
modeling and technologies
available through workshops
and Information and
Communication Technologies
(ICT) training platform;
 Possible centers of
Excellence in Mediterranean
region identified and
strengthened for assessing
climate variability;
410,000
21
1,500,000
79
1,910,000
 Based on outputs of
629,045
30
1,500,000
70
2,129,045
 Regional analysis of sealevel rise and storm surges,
changes in water characteristics,
marine acidification –
vulnerable areas/hotspots
identified, including river deltas;
 Climate change models
applied at finer resolution in a
min of 2 coastal zone areas (cofinanced) and results analyzed;
Environmental and economic
impacts to coastal communities,
water quality and availability,
marine and coastal biodiversity
and fisheries assessed in 2-5
critical areas and responsive
actions identified.
PIF-Adaptation to Climate Variability through ICZM/IWRM (ACC-MED)
2
measures
identified and
plan for their
implementatio
n developed
and sustainable
adaptation measures
identified to mitigate
priority risks in the
coastal zone (done in
coordination with
National
Communications
teams working on
vulnerability and
impact analysis.)
4.2. Implementation
arrangements for
adaptation measure
defined in partnership
with stakeholders in
support of the
implementation of
the ICZM Protocol
Components 2 and 3
identification of a full suite of
adaptation measures needed in
the priority areas/hotspots;
 Development of standard
methods and tools for
integration of adaptation
measures into national ICZM
planning and practices in
synergy with other related
national plans (IWRM, NSSD,
CCA, etc);
 Awareness raising and
training of Policy makers in
participating countries on
adaptation measures and
methods –;
 National agreements on the
critical adaptation measures to
be included in national ICZM
strategies, in synergy with other
related national plans (IWRM,
NSSD, CCA, etc);
 3 regional/local level plans
completed incorporating
climate variability adaptation
measures, and ready for
implementation;
 Report on priority adaptation
measures to address climate
variability in critical areas,
including mechanisms for their
implementation and funding
options.
5. Project
management
Total project
costs
229,500
25
700,000
75
929,500
2,298,54
5
25
7,000,000
75
9,298,545
B. INDICATIVE CO-FINANCING FOR THE PROJECT BY SOURCE and by NAME (in parenthesis) if
available, ($)
Sources of Co-financing
Project Government Contribution
GEF Agency(ies)
Bilateral Aid Agency(ies)
Multilateral Agency(ies)
Private Sector
NGO
Others
Type of Co-financing
Unknown at this stage
(select)
Unknown at this stage
Unknown at this stage
(select)
Unknown at this stage
(select)
Total Co-financing
Project
4,500,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
500,000
7,000,000
C. INDICATIVE FINANCING PLAN SUMMARY FOR THE PROJECT ($)
Previous Project
Preparation Amount (a)
GEF financing
Co-financing
Total
Project (b)
0
0
0
2,298,545
7,000,000
9,298,545
PIF-Adaptation to Climate Variability through ICZM/IWRM (ACC-MED)
Total
c=a+b
2,298,545
7000,000
9,298,545
Agency Fee
229,855
229,855
3
D. GEF RESOURCES REQUESTED BY AGENCY (IES), FOCAL AREA(S) AND COUNTRY(IES)1
GEF Agency
Country Name/
Focal Area
Global
UNEP
International Waters
Mediterranean
(select)
(select)
Total GEF Resources
(in $)
Project (a)
Agency Fee (b)2
Total c=a+b
2,298,545
229,855
2,528,400
2,298,545
229,855
2,528,400
1
No need to provide information for this table if it is a single focal area, single country and single GEF Agency project.
2
Relates to the project and any previous project preparation funding that have been provided and for which no Agency fee has been
requested from Trustee.
PART II: PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
A. STATE THE ISSUE, HOW THE PROJECT SEEKS TO ADDRESS IT, AND THE EXPECTED GLOBAL
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS TO BE DELIVERED:
Recent research on climate variability and their impacts in the Mediterranean (such as the MEDClivar
project5, CIRCE6 among others) along with the findings contained in the fourth assessment report of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are all in agreement on the broad future
trends in climate variability in the Mediterranean, in spite of the complexity of factors controlling
Mediterranean climate. According to the IPCC Fourth assessment report, by the end of the century the
rise in temperatures is expected to be between 2.2 °C and 5.1 °C. At the same time overall rainfall is
also likely to decrease while the occurrence of extreme climatic events (flooding and drought) ought
to intensify by 2100. An analysis of IPCC model projections for the 21st century finds a continuing
decrease in precipitation that extends throughout the Mediterranean region and reaches values as high
as 20% less of the current mean precipitation by the end of the century7. Sea-level is predicted to rise
by between 30-40 cm by 2100, and changes will occur to water mass circulation. Marine
acidification is likely to occur with some dramatic consequences to the balance of marine and coastal
biodiversity.
Climate variability in the Mediterranean, is controlled by physical processes responsible at both the
local, such as changes in the surface properties and land use, and global such as the changes in the
large scale atmospheric circulation associated with global warming, the North Atlantic Oscillation
(NAO), tropical monsoon and El Niňo Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The range of climate variability
over time is much greater than climate changes that are predicted. Over the last 40-50 years it should
be noted that sea level trends within the Mediterranean basin differ significantly (increasing and
decreasing) from those of the nearby Atlantic Ocean8, Its is unclear for how long the Mediterranean
Sea can sustain this behaviour different from the open ocean, although unlikely for more than 20-30
years. This also raises the question whether the Mediterranean Basin future sea level scenarios can be
based on the global ones, as they do not include the relevant forcing mechanisms. What is critical is
the need to further investigate how climate variability will impact the coastal zone communities,
natural resources and marine and coastal biodiversity of the Mediterranean.
With already 42 % of the coastal zone under artificial land cover, population and water demand
having almost doubled in the 2nd half of the 20th century, the majority of aquifers depleted and/or
polluted and a significant reduction in species diversity and fish stocks, the Mediterranean, with its
majority of population in low lying coastal regions, has little resilience to cope with these predicted
changes. During the 20th Century air temperature in the Mediterranean basin was observed to have
risen by 1.4 to 4 °C depending on the sub-region. As such the countries of the Mediterranean are
already witnessing the impacts of climate change/variability in the coastal zone and water sheds of the
5
The Mediterranean Climate Variability and Predictability. Endorsed by the European Science Foundation and
implemented from 2006 to 2011
6
European Commission Climate Change and Research in the Mediterranean project
7
Mediterranean Precipitation Changes in IPCC Model Simulations: Relative Role of Dynamic and
Thermodynamic Processes (Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 9, 09297, 2007)
8
Tsimplis and Baker, 2000, Woolf et al. 2003
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Mediterranean Large Marine Ecosystem such as decreasing water availability, increased incidents of
flooding and forest fire.
As such the countries of the Mediterranean recognize that with current projections there will be a
number of climate impacts including increased summer temperatures and decreased annual
precipitation, increased water-related extreme phenomena like floods and persistent droughts,
enhanced water scarcity and increased desertification, the loss of- or shift in vegetation zones,
threatened food production as a result of increased irrigation demands and more numerous incidents
of plant diseases, human health hazards, particularly with regard to infectious diseases and increased
heat-related mortality.
Despite these forecasts since the 1990’s, a common Mediterranean voice on climatic issues has, until
now, been very discreet in the international arena. One reason is that countries along the
Mediterranean rim belong to different geographical groups when it comes to negotiating international
law on the subject. The 15th Ordinary meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Convention for the
Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean and its Protocols,
was held in Almeria (Spain) on the 15-18 January 2008. Climate Change was one of the main agenda
items and the decisions of the Almeria Declaration included the agreements:
 To use the Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) as the basis to address the
practical response to the impact of climate change on Mediterranean coastal ecosystems;
 To identify by 2011 the coastal and marine species and habitats that are most sensitive to the
changes that will result from the various scenarios on Climate Change and to promote measures
for the establishment of a comprehensive and coherent Mediterranean network of coastal and
marine protected areas by 2012.
 To undertake studies to estimate the economic value of the products currently derived from and
the services rendered by the marine and coastal ecosystems and how that value will be affected by
the disruptions that will result from climate change;
 To promote better management of energy demand and increase energy efficiency; to capitalize on
the significant potential of the region for solar and wind energy development; to encourage
management and restoration of forests and appropriate use of cultivations as carbon dioxide
sinks; to promote better water demand management including improved water savings and
consider, where appropriate, the use of non- conventional water resources such as treated waste
waters in combination with renewable energy sources;
 To take the Tunis Declaration and Action Plan and the Rabat Declaration on Climate Change:
Impacts, Preparedness and Adaptation Measures into consideration within the Mediterranean
priorities for better adaptation and response to climate change.
The countries of the Mediterranean have requested assistance in obtaining more detailed knowledge
on climate variability and their environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This will enable a clearer
vision on how national ICZM (including water related issues) will be developed and implemented,
and will assist in prioritizing adaptation measures in the marine and coastal zone to ensure sustainable
use of resources in the future in line with the ICZM protocol for the Mediterranean. This, along with
the identification of best practices and tools/technologies available, will assist the formulation of
agreements on the adaptation measures to be implemented throughout the region, and their
implementation, through the integration and harmonization of national sector plans, through the
ICZM process, and through the identification of the most sustainable and cost-effective investments
needed in each participating country.
ICZM is a long established management approach in Mediterranean coastal regions. Its importance
for the regional countries has been strengthened by the adoption of the ICZM Protocol in Madrid on
21 January 2008. The countries have recognized the need for a systematic programme to develop and
conserve resources in an area that has been subject to extreme pressures over the last few decades.
The Mediterranean ICZM protocol is intended to reap development benefits through implementation
of a management approach that will facilitate sustainable economic growth; help conserve natural
habitats and species; assist in controlling pollution of coastal waters; contribute to the more efficient
use of coastal resources; help rehabilitate degraded resources; provide mechanism and tools for
rational resource allocation based on appropriate valuation of ecosystem services; and help mitigate
PIF-Adaptation to Climate Variability through ICZM/IWRM (ACC-MED)
5
and adapt to the impacts of climate variability and change. The ICZM protocol is the first regional
ICZM legal instrument that deals extensively with the issue of climate change, both at the strategic
(by requesting countries to mainstream the climate change issues into national ICZM strategies and
plans) and local levels (by requesting countries to define, inter alia, the coastal setback zone).
Please note that several additional countries have requested to participate in the project, but due to the
time required to receive endorsement letters have not been included in this proposal. However should
additional Mediterranean GEF eligible countries wish to participate and provide their endorsement
letters during the beginning of the project preparation phase, they will be included in the project at no
additional cost to GEF.
The project, proposed for a two year duration, is designed as a phase 1 of 2 projects, an additional
project to the GEF Strategic Partnership of the Mediterranean Large Marine Ecosystem (SPMed),
now under implementation. As such, it will utilize the management and coordination structure of the
UNEP component of the SPMed, and will benefit from replication and communication strategy
developed for the project. Activities under the UNEP component of the SPMed were developed to
respond to priorities actions agreed in the Strategic Action Programmes (SAPs) for the Mediterranean
Sea (developed between 1997 and 2003). However climate variability and their impacts were not
detailed during their analysis and development, and in parallel the current development of ICZM
plans do not include adaptation measures due in part to lack of data and analysis. The situation is
gradually changing. Vulnerability assessment and impact analysis are also being carried in these same
sectors within the framework of National Communications are being prepared in some participating
countries. A number of climate change models have been applied in the region, although noted by
some countries, at too coarse a resolution to effectively assess the potential impact of climate change
at the national level. UNEP/MAP has recently developed a work-plan to address climate change in
the region, the World Bank is about to implement a Regional Climate Change Programme for the
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the elaboration of a Strategy on Water in the
Mediterranean including Climate Change Adaptation has been agreed in the framework of the Union
for the Mediterranean, the European Union and other agencies and organizations are implementing
projects. Yet most of the Mediterranean countries are lacking detailed assessments on the risks of
climate change/variability to their coastal zone, and are lacking sufficient capacity to assess potential
impacts and develop the necessary measures to address them.
The project is also designed to support the World Bank (WB) “Mediterranean Sustainable
Development Program” (“Sustainable MED”), which will further develop investment projects to
address sustainable development issues such as de-pollution, the sustainable management of
vulnerable ecosystems and climate change. The results of the project will be shared with all
stakeholders of the “Sustainable MED” and the technical assistance component of the MSDP, to be
coordinated by the WB center in Marseilles, will participate in the regional training activities under
Component 3.
Therefore this proposed project focus’s on addressing this lack, and the clear demand from the
countries to understand the real implications of climate variability in the coastal zone of the
Mediterranean Sea, to identify the most appropriate adaptation measures, in-line with UNEP MAP’s
recently developed work-plan on Climate Change and the new ICZM protocol to the Barcelona
Convention9, through the activities of its RAC’s (in particular Blue Plan), the work ongoing in the
National Communications and research by several organizations in the region. In particular it aims to
create a partnership of regional and national Climate, ICZM along side pollution and biodiversity
stakeholders and experts, and build the capacity of regional and national institutions in order to
incorporate climate variability issues into new and existing policies including ICZM plans as well as
in programmes and projects. This will be achieved through the following components:
1. Regional Database and Programme developed and implemented to monitor climate variability, and
integrated into ICZM monitoring. A region wide database and monitoring programme with indicators
9
As of March 2009, fifteen contracting parties to the Barcelona Convention out of twenty-two have signed,
with the process of ratification ongoing.
PIF-Adaptation to Climate Variability through ICZM/IWRM (ACC-MED)
6
will be developed for the marine and coastal zone of the Mediterranean to support knowledge sharing
and planning of adaptation measures to climate variability, and to identify and address data and
capacity gaps. This will be implemented in a synergistic manner with on-going work within the
framework of the National Communications, ICZM plans at the national level and at the regional
level with the ICZM protocol to the Barcelona Convention. The database will be linked current
databases in particular to MAP’s regional activity center on Information (INFO/RAC)
2. Assessment of variability and impact scenarios of the Mediterranean coastal zone to Climate
variability. This component will ensure that current models assessing scenarios and impacts of
climate variability are applied to the Mediterranean10, in order to assist countries to more precisely
calculate the impacts of climate variability to their marine and coastal zone. In partnership with other
programmes (such as MedClivar) in the region, it will include latest results on the regional and global
processes influencing climate variability such as the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation
(NAO) and Indian monsoon, predicted changes in marine salinity and marine acidification. It will
focus on the coastal watersheds, with emphasis on risks to water availability and quality and marine
ecosystems (including agriculture and fisheries), and other risks to be further defined, likely to
include coastal erosion and landslides.
3. Regional Partnership, stakeholder involvement, sharing of tools and methods and awareness
raising. This component is essential to ensure that a region wide and multi-stakeholder approach
including the private sector is taken to address climate variability in the marine and coastal zone of
the Mediterranean, to ensure that best-practices from and beyond the region are identified and shared
with all countries, that all partners working on adaptation participate in the project, directly or through
exchange of results and best practices (including the WB’s Middle East and North African Regional
Climate Change programme). Capacity of countries will be enhanced through training of national
institutions on tools, modeling and the most cost effective options to adaptation and possible centers
of Excellence in the Mediterranean identified and strengthened for climate change adaptation.
Countries who have not yet signed the ICZM protocol (Albania, Egypt and Libya) will be assisted to
have a greater awareness of the opportunity and value of the ICZM protocol and its implementation.
4. Adaptation measures identified and plans for their implementation developed. As a result of the
above activities, a suite of adaptation measures will be identified for priority vulnerable areas and for
three areas, ICZM plans will be developed and agreed (in conjunction with the activities of the
SPMed) with adaptation measure for climate vulnerability. Capacity and awareness raising of policy
makers throughout the region on the tools and methods for adaptation to climate change/variability
will be undertaken, with specific support to those countries yet to sign the ICZM protocol to build
their knowledge and capacity on ICZM and the importance of integrating Climate change and
variability. Finally for the future implementation of adaptation measures, a report on the priority
measures to be undertaken in the vulnerable areas will be prepared, including mechanisms for their
funding, which will support the phase 2 of the project to be developed. The incorporation of
adaptation measures to ICZM plans and strategies will contribute to the implementation of the ICZM
Protocol.
By adopting a regional approach to Climate variability the project will build upon the most recent
national and regional research and policy developments in this area, along with the National
Communications developed for some of the participating countries for a common understanding of
the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of climate change, and the measures required for
adaptation. In addition it will utilize UNEP MAP and its RAC’s and other executing partners’ work at
regional and national levels to ensure that the adaptation measures agreed are incorporated into ICZM
and IWRM plans, as well as national sectoral plans and to other regional initiatives related to Climate
Change including the establishment of Marine protected areas, the implementation of the ecosystem
approach to fisheries, the work plan for the Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development
(MCSD) the Mediterranean Component of the EU Water Initiative (MED EUWI), the implementation
of the UfM Strategy for Water in the Mediterranean, etc. This will result in a region wide coherent
and common approach to climate change adaptation and greater awareness and understanding of the
10
Such as work undertaken by the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research UK Met Office.
PIF-Adaptation to Climate Variability through ICZM/IWRM (ACC-MED)
7
issue and adaptation measures to be implemented in the marine and coastal zone. The global
environmental benefits of this project are the knowledge on climate variability is closely linked to
global atmospheric circulation and therefore is of value to the global community of researchers and
institutions on climate/variability research. Climate change/variability is a global issue, and
monitoring programme, impact assessments, and adaptation measures will all be broadly shared on a
regional as well as global scale for possible replication. The Mediterranean Sea itself is historically,
culturally and in terms of biodiversity considered an area of global importance for protection.
B. DESCRIBE THE CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH NATIONAL/REGIONAL
PRIORITIES/PLANS:
The proposed project is in line with the National Communications11 developed under the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). All participating countries have
either signed, ratified or acceded to the Convention12. All countries with the exception of Turkey are
parties to the Kyoto protocol.
It has been recognized that ICZM is the best mechanism to ensure a harmonized approach to the
integrated management of the coastal zone, and as such the ICZM protocol to the Barcelona
Convention was drafted, agreed and currently 15 of the 22 contracting members to the Barcelona
Convention have signed the protocol and the proposed plan is for the protocol to come into force
(upon ratification of 6 countries) by the end of 2009. Participating countries still pending signature
are Albania, Egypt, and Libya. All countries address coastal zone management in their national plans
and legislative framework, and are currently working towards the more integrated ICZM, with the
assistance of the WB, PAP/RAC (amongst others) and includes the implementation of Coastal Area
Management Programme (CAMPs) in 9 out of 12 participating countries13.
Furthermore, the 5th Conference of the Water Directors of the Euro-Mediterranean and Southeastern
European Countries, held in Athens (Greece) on 21-22 July 2008, stressed that “It is important that
adaptation strategies are developed and measures are taken as soon as possible so as to help people to
manage their water basins and ecosystems in a sustainable way. Regarding IWRM plans, currently all
countries have a water strategy or plan, and according to the criteria developed and published by
Global Water Partnership (GWP) and UN Water14 most of these plans and/or strategies need further
consultative work to present a fully-fledged IWRM plan. This work will be partially addressed by the
Global Water Partnership –Mediterranean (GWP-Med) within the SPMed project. However it has
been recognized that there is a great need to incorporate in all these plans and strategies (where it has
not yet been addressed) the risks and measures to be undertaken to protect water resources from
climate change aiming to adapt properly and timely to emerging conditions. Importantly,
harmonization between national and local (in the rare cases these exist) IWRM and ICZM remains
limited and require more effective coordination among competent parties. Such incorporations and
harmonization should also address transboundary waters needs. This is critical especially for the
MENA region where water stress is predicted to increase substantially.
C. DESCRIBE THE CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH GEF STRATEGIES AND STRATEGIC
PROGRAMS:
The project addresses the Strategic Objective “to play a catalytic role in addressing transboundary
water concerns by assisting countries to utilize the full range of technical assistance, economic,
financial, regulatory and institutional reforms that are needed”, by aiming towards protection of
fisheries, water and coastal and marine habitats vulnerable to climate change, through ICZM
planning.
11
Of the participating GEF eligible countries, National Communications have been submitted by Albania,
Algeria, Croatia, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey
12
Montenegro, as a new state has ‘acceeded” to the Convention.
13
Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey, with Montenegro under
development.
14
Status Report on Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency Plans at CSD 16 (2008)
PIF-Adaptation to Climate Variability through ICZM/IWRM (ACC-MED)
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The project addresses Strategic Program 1: Restoring and Sustaining Coastal and Marine Fish Stocks
and Associated Biological Diversity, in particular related to the text that states “Consistent with the
ecosystem-based approach in addressing multiple stresses through ICM and linkages to upstream
basin management through Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), the focal area will
pursue collaboration on inter-linkages among GEF focal areas (especially biodiversity) that can
sustain livelihoods, food security, and coastal habitats as a contribution to marine-related
Johannesburg targets.” The project also addresses Strategic Program 3: Balancing overuse and
conflicting uses of water resources in surface and groundwater basins that are transboundary in
nature, particularly relevant for the countries in the MENA region, which will suffer the most from
reduced water resources from climate change.
D. JUSTIFY THE TYPE OF FINANCING SUPPORT PROVIDED WITH THE GEF RESOURCES:
Currently, the proposed financing plan will come from participating countries, executing partners,
bilateral aid and multilateral agencies, to be fully detailed during the PPG phase of the project. The
project has been conceived to be cost effective, in terms of complimenting several initiatives in the
region which will be described below and in section H.
E. OUTLINE THE COORDINATION WITH OTHER RELATED INITIATIVES:
The current proposal has been designed to compliment the following initiatives:
The GEF UNEP WB Strategic Partnership for the Mediterranean LME (SPMed), whose
regional component led by UNEP addresses Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM),
Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), groundwater and aquifer management, pollution
from land-based sources, ecosystem approach to fisheries and marine protected area (MPA)
development and management. These actions are based on the priorities identified in the Strategic
Action Programme to address pollution from land-based sources (SAP-MED), the Strategic Action
Programme for the conservation of biological diversity (SAP-BIO) along with the National Action
Plans (NAPs) developed during the GEF UNEP project “Determination of Priority Actions for the
Further Elaboration and Implementation of the Strategic Action Programme for the Mediterranean
Sea”, completed in 2006. As such GWP-Med and PAP/RAC, responsible for the execution of
activities related to IWRM and ICZM respectively, will participate in this proposal to ensure
incorporation of climate variability into the development of IWRM and ICZM planning and respected
practices at the national and regional level. In addition the current proposal is designed to add to the
SPMed, and will utilise the Coordination mechanism (Steering Committee meetings, Coordination
group meetings), will be hosted with the project management unit (PMU) in Athens, Greece, and will
benefit from the Replication and Communication strategies to be implemented as part of the SPMed.
Also of importance to the region is the Union for the Mediterranean (UFM), a multi-lateral
cooperation framework marking an important step forward for the Euro-Mediterranean partnership.
Its main objective is to launch and reinforce a number of key initiatives15 which will focus on issues
including: the De-pollution of the Mediterranean; Maritime and Land Highways and Alternative
Energies: Mediterranean Solar Plan. Although specific projects under the UFM have yet to be
identified, a partnership will be established under the MSDP to compliment investments and technical
assistance towards achieving the goals of the UFM.
More recently a WB GEF “Mediterranean Sustainable Development Program” (Sustainable
MED) was proposed as the overarching umbrella coordinating actions with the aim to integrate the
environment within the economic development agenda, thereby sustaining the resource base of the
region to ensure water and food security and the livelihood of its communities through: supporting
priority projects promoting environmentally sound development including sustainable surface and
groundwater management; foster capacity building in the South as well as technology transfer
between the North and the South; mobilizing financial resources for the southern countries; and
enhancing collaboration among countries, multi and bi-lateral organizations, the private sector,
NGOs, and the civil society at large, ensuring sustainable development in the Mediterranean. This is
in line with the priorities of the Union for the Mediterranean (UFM) as agreed by Ministers who
15
Joint Declaration of the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean, Paris, 13 July 2008
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signed the declaration of the Paris summit for the Mediterranean, held in Paris on July 13, 2008. The
Programme will consist of an Investment Component and a technical assistance component,
supported by the WB Marseilles Centre. The WB have submitted16 a Regional project on
Coordination on Improved Water Resources Management and Capacity Building (Algeria, Egypt,
Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, West Bank and Gaza, Syria, and Tunisia, as well as other
Arab cooperating countries). This proposal will coordinate closely with the WB to ensure that
activities compliment each other in addressing climate change vulnerability. Data and assessments
will be shared, and the project will provide guidance for the further development of Investment Fund
proposals of the “Sustainable MED” addressing vulnerable areas to climate variability/change.
This current project is therefore aimed to filling in the need for a more regional approach to climate
variability in the Mediterranean marine and coastal zone, supporting the Strategic Partnership for the
Mediterranean (SPMed) and both SPMed and this proposal will be considered as part of the
overarching MSDP.
In addition to the above, the project compliments the ongoing work of the National Communications
in participating countries, GEF projects such as the UNDP Full Size Project “Adaptation to Climate
Change in the Nile Delta through Integrated Coastal Zone Management Climate Change” and the
UNDP “Identification and Implementation of Adaptation Response Measures in the Drini-Mati River
Deltas” (both recently approved by GEF). It will collaborate with the Mediterranean Climate
Variability and Predictability (MEDClivar) programme, organisations working on climate modelling
and research in the region.
F. DISCUSS THE VALUE-ADDED OF GEF INVOLVEMENT IN THE PROJECT DEMONSTRATED
THROUGH INCREMENTAL REASONING :
The baseline situation is that adaptation measures to climate variability and change in the
Mediterranean marine and coastal environment has been carried out in an uncoordinated manner,
mostly at the local/national level. As often mentioned by participating countries, impact assessments
have suffered from insufficient data and identification of policy options and possible response
measures, have often been done without the involvement of all regional partners and not utilizing the
most appropriate and cost effective tools and technologies and policy experiences that have been
developed within and beyond the region. Also in parallel the IWRM and ICZM process will continue,
so far not incorporating measures to address impacts on habitat and biodiversity protection and water
resources from climate variability, which as stated clearly in Section A may in the future be the
greatest cause of these issues in particular for the MENA region and low lying and riverine areas of
the Mediterranean.
The economic loss from flooding, decreased agriculture, increased water stress, reduced fisheries are
likely to have a significant impact on national economies, as well and human health and security. In
Egypt alone it has been estimated that based on a 0.5 m sea level rise, estimated losses of land,
installations, and tourism will exceed US$32.5 billion and 8 million people would be displaced in
Egypt by a 1 meter rise in sea level, assuming no protection and existing population levels (Broadus
et al., 1986; Milliman et al., 1989).
At the regional workshop on Climate Change in the Mediterranean, held in Marseilles by Blue Plan
on the 22-23rd October 2008, where over 100 national and regional experts participated, it was
concluded that the region to which the Mediterranean countries belong is one of the areas most
vulnerable to the various impacts of the climate change currently underway. These impacts are likely
to trigger a rise in sea-levels, greater coastal erosion, a weakening of natural coastal defenses, whilst
also placing a strain on ecosystems already affected by deforestation, increasing water scarcity,
disrupting fish stocks and prompting the renewed outbreak of epizootics and vectoral diseases. The
climate threat is arising at a time when most Mediterranean countries are also having to face up to the
energy, economic and ecological challenges of globalisation against a backdrop of general population
16
to the June 2009 GEF Council
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growth. The combination of these various challenges could well affect the efficiency if not the
relevance of the economic investments made over the last few years and give rise to unprecedented
social problems. Recommendations included the following:
 An information system on climate change,….identifying and seeking out any missing data,
particularly through enhanced regional cooperation, and ensuring that climate variability is
included in regional and national planning and decision-taking
 The creation of financial instruments by the partners in order to adapt to climate
change/variability;
 The regular organisation at Mediterranean level – under the aegis of the Mediterranean
Commission on Sustainable Development and the Blue Plan,….events dedicated to climate
change, with particular focus on….exchange of good mitigation but particularly adaptation
practices, as well as the adaptation measures..
Without GEF support, countries will continue to deal with ICZM and adaptation on a local and
national level in implementation of the ICZM protocol, without access to climate change/variability
assessments, data tools and methods required to develop the most cost-effective adaptation measures
to protect coastal communities, and natural resources, and will lack exchange of best-practices within
the Mediterranean region. With GEF support, the project will ensure that climate change modeling
and data is available throughout the region, a long-term monitoring of climate change risks to the
marine and coastal zone is agreed and indicators defined and, gaps are analyzed, that countries have
the appropriate knowledge, data related to the impacts of climate change particularly related to water
quality and resources, biodiversity etc, and have the policy tools and capacity to design, adopt and
implement the most effective and cost effective adaptation measures.
G. INDICATE RISKS, INCLUDING CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS, THAT MIGHT PREVENT THE PROJECT
OBJECTIVE(S) FROM BEING ACHIEVED, AND IF POSSIBLE INCLUDING RISK MITIGATION
MEASURES THAT WILL BE TAKEN:
Risks
Mitigation measures
Political willingness to
adopt long-term monitoring
programme and adaptation
measures
Countries knowledge enhanced of environmental and economic costs of
climate variability (through activities of Component 2)
Full participation in project design and execution through national and
regional level partnerships and capacity building
(Low)
Economic insecurity in
participating
countries,
unwillingness to invest in
adaptation
Clear analysis of cost benefits of adaptation measures, additional
investments identified along with external funding mechanisms.
(Medium)
Lack of coordination in
national interministries for
full
ownership
and
participation in project
activities and development
of
agreed
adaptation
measures and plans.
Utilize ICZM national intersectoral groups. Transparency in planning and
implementation; involving stakeholders in decision making.
Component 3 to ensure national partnerships established and fully
functional.
(Low)
Effective participation and
active involvement of all
stakeholders in project
execution
National and regional level stakeholder involvement, partnership,
exchange network and capacity building implemented. Centres of
excellence established/enhanced for climate change adaptation.
(Low)
Most
appropriate
data,
Participation of global as well as regional climate variability research
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modeling and assessments
undertaken
centres and experts i.e. Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and
Research UK Met Office among others.
(Low)
H. DESCRIBE, IF POSSIBLE, THE EXPECTED COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROJECT:
A regional approach to climate change assessments and adaptation has a number of cost-effective
advantages, in terms of the transfer knowledge and skills between countries, to apply best practice, to
promote the adoption of policy reforms throughout the region and to enhance the replication of
successful pilot projects to achieve regional objectives. This overall strategic approach incorporating
a comprehensive suite of actions and investments is a more cost-effective and higher impact vehicle
to demonstrate benefits than a series of individual projects. Such a strategic approach will also help
to promote action over a specified and shorter period so that more tangible results can be achieved in
a shorter timeframe.
By complimenting the GEF project SPMed, the project is supported by the overall coordination
structure of this project, is hosted by UNEP/MAP, and compliments the proposed activities to be
executed by PAP/RAC and GWP-Med. It also will benefit from the communication and replication
structure of the SPMed. It also used existing Intersectoral coordination to be established in the ICZM
and IWRM process. In terms of assessments and modeling, whilst building upon past and ongoing
initiatives, the National Communications etc, it will benefit from existing models already
developed.17
I. JUSTIFY THE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF GEF AGENCY:
UNEP has the convening power, which can be used to bring countries and relevant non-state
stakeholders together to explore their mutual goals and objectives with respect to shared ecosystems.
The success of UNEP in co-hosting the IPCC and in fostering the development and negotiation on
global environmental issues, including four multilateral agreements for which the GEF acts as the
financial mechanism; the 14 regional seas conventions and action plans; and many others, attests to
the impact of this power.
UNEP has always had a particular strength in working at the global, regional and subregional level
and has led the field in GEF for its normative and exploratory work in different fields of interest to
the GEF. Examples include the work on international waters, and in the global assessments such as
the Global Environmental Outlook (GEO), Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA).
The other comparative strengths include the following:
(a)
Emerging issues and adaptive learning: As the only GEF implementing and executing agency
whose sole mandate is advancing environmental management, UNEP has an advantage in its
extensive experience in piloting approaches and innovations to address emerging environmental
problems. Examples include the innovative financing approaches being developed by the UNEP
Sustainable Energy Finance Initiative.
(b)
Monitoring and assessment: With a mandate to focus on keeping the global environmental
situation under review, UNEP has developed expertise in global environmental monitoring and
assessment, and early warning on emerging issues. This expertise can help governments and agencies
to base their decisions and investment on the best scientific and technical information available.
(c)
Fostering transboundary collaboration: Thanks to its network of regional offices and
established collaboration with regional and sub-regional bodies, UNEP has intimate knowledge of the
geo-political environment and has been building this resource to help countries to understand the
systems and to tackle problems that cross boundaries.
17
i.e. the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research UK Met Office models, available to all the GEF
eligible countries
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(d)
Establishing networks with other organizations: UNEP is relatively small with a broad
mandate compared to the other GEF implementing and executing agencies requiring it to identify
ways to harness the expertise and assets of other institutions that have more field level operations. In
the implementation of its programme of work, UNEP therefore works through partners (such as the
partners of the SPMed) UNEP is building up a close collaboration with UNDP across the field of
environment and the first fruits of this can be seen in the joint MOU on Climate Change and the
“Poverty and Environment Initiative”.
In addition is must be noted that UNEP through its Regional Seas Programme supports the
Mediterranean Action Plan, which has been working the last 30 years in the marine and coastal zone
of the Mediterranean, with a strong network of experts and its Regional activity Centers, notably in
relation to this project, the Blue Plan Regional Activity Center for environment and development and
Priority Actions Programme (PAP/RAC) focusing on coastal zone management and the Regional
Activity Center for biodiversity conservation and specially protected areas (RAC/SPA). MAP and its
Regional Activity Centres will execute the GEF UNEP regional component of the Strategic
Partnership for the Mediterranean Large Marine Ecosystem, which complements this proposal.
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PART III: APPROVAL/ENDORSEMENT BY GEF OPERATIONAL FOCAL POINT(S)
AND GEF AGENCY(IES)
A. RECORD OF ENDORSEMENT OF GEF OPERATIONAL FOCAL POINT (S) ON BEHALF OF THE
GOVERNMENT(S): (Please attach the country endorsement letter(s) or regional endorsement letter(s) with this
template).
NAME
POSITION
MINISTRY
ABESHI, Pellumb
Secretary General
ECHIRK, Djamel
Inspector General of
Environment
Gordana Ruklić
Head of International
Relations Department,
ABOUL AZM,
Mawaheb
Chief Executive Officer
Egyptian
Environmental Affairs
Agency (EEAA)
Member, Board of
Environmental General
Authority
Deputy Minister
Ministry of Environment,
Forestry and Water Management,
Albania
Ministere d'Amenagement
deTerritoires et l'Environnement,
Algeria
Ministry of Environmental
Protection, Physical Planning and
Construction Republike Austrije
14, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Ministry
of
State
for
Environmental Affairs,
Egypt
AMER, Mohamed
Sinisa
STANKOVIC
Mohamad
BENYAHIA
M. Dali Najeh
Dr. Mohamed Eila
Director of Partnership,
Communication and
Cooperation
General Director,
Environment and
Quality of Life
Deputy Director
DATE (Month,
day, year)
29th July 2009
15th June 2009
12th June 2009
16th June 2009
Environmental General Authority
Libya
17th June 2009
Ministry of Tourism and
Environmental Protection,
Montenegro
Ministry of Energy, Mining,
Water and Environment,
Morocco
Ministry of Environment and
Sustainable Development
Tunisia
16th June 2009
General Environment Quality
Authority, Palestinian Authority
16th June 2009
31th July 2009
29th July 2009
B. GEF AGENCY(IES) CERTIFICATION
This request has been prepared in accordance with GEF policies and procedures and meets the
GEF criteria for project identification and preparation.
Agency
Coordinator,
Agency
name
Maryam
NiamirFuller
Director,
DGEF
UNEP
GEF
Agency
Coordinator
Signature
Date
(Month,
day, year)
Project
Contact
Person
Telephone
Email Address
09/07/2009
Kelly
West
+254 20
762 4147
[email protected]
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