Download Topics To Know For Chapter 6

Topics To Know For Chapter 6
1. Know what is the meaning of metabolism. Also what is associated with a metabolic
pathway.
- substrate or reactant
- catabolism
- products
- anabolism
- enzymes
- bioenergetics
2. Know what is meant by energy. Name the two forms of energy and give examples.
3. What is the ultimate energy source for living things.
4. Know how the first law of thermodynamics is defined.
5. Know how the second law of thermodynamics is defined.
- useable energy
- entropy
- unuseable energy
6. Be able to describe exergonic and endergonic reactions.
- reactants
- potential energy
- products
- energy of activation ( Eact )
- spontaneous reaction
7. Know the characteristics of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ). How is it broken down and how
is it synthesized ?
- phosphate groups
- phosphorylation
- high energy bonds
8. Know what is energy coupling and how does it relate to ATP.
9. Be able to discuss the characteristics of enzymes given in class.
- proteins
- lock and key model
- reversible inhibition
- catalyst
- induced fit model
a. competitive
- Eact
- optimal conditions
b. noncompetitive
- ase ending
- temperature sensitive
- irreversible inhibition
- specific
- pH sensitive
a. nerve gas
- active site
- inorganic cofactors
b. pesticides
- enzyme substrate
- organic cofactors
c. cyanide
complex
d. penicillin
10. Know what is meant by allosteric regulation.
- active form
- activator
- inactive form
- inhibitor
11. Know what is meant by cooperativity. Is it a type of allosteric regulation ?
12. Describe how feedback inhibition works.
Topics To Know For Chapter 8
1. Know what is photosynthesis and how does it relate to autotrophs and heterotrophs.
2. Know the parts of the chloroplast that are related to photosynthesis. How do they function in
photosynthesis ?
- grana ( granum )
- thylakoid
- stroma
- thylakiod space
3. Know that photosynthesis involves redox reactions.
4. Know that photosynthesis is divided in two parts. Where in the chloroplast do they take
place?
- light dependent reactions
- chemiosmosis
- light independent reactions
- phosphorylation
- Calvin cycle
- oxygen
- NADP & NADPH
- carbon fixation
- photolysis
- CO2 reduction
- ATP & ADP + phosphate group
5. What is meant by the electromagnetic spectrum ?
6. Know that the visible light spectrum is divided into wavelengths or colors. What are
photons?
7. Know that chl a is a primary pigment and other pigments are called accessory pigments.
- chl a
- carotenoid
- chl b
8. Which part of the chlorophyll molecule is stimulated by light ?
- ground state
- fluorescence
- excited state
- magnesium
9. Know what is meant by a photosystem. How many are there ?
- chlorophyll
- reaction center
- antenna
- P700
- redox
- P680
10.Know what happens in noncyclic electron flow. Which part of photosynthesis ( two parts )
does noncyclic electron flow come under ?
- photolysis
- redox
- photon
- phosphorylation
- P680
- chemiosmosis
- P700
- NADP and NADPH
- O2
- electron flow
11. Know what happens in cyclic electron flow.
- photosystem I
- no CO2
- phosphorylation
- too much NADPH
- chemiosmosis
12. Know the events of chemiosmosis discussed in class and where does it take place.
- thylakoid membrane
- ATP synthetase
- thylakoid space
- electron flow
- pH 4
- photosystems I & II
- H+ concentration
13. Know what makes the Calvin cycle work or operate. Describe the events taking place in the
Calvin cycle.
- stroma
- PGAL
- CO2
- glucose
- carbon fixation
- NADPH & NADP
- CO2 reduction
- ATP & ADP + phosphate group
- ribulose bisphosphate
( RuBP )
Topics To Know For Chapter 7
1. Name two catabolic pathways.
- aerobic respiration
- fermentation
- redox reactions
- NAD
- FAD
2. Know the three main stages of aerobic cell respiration and where do they take place ?
- mitochondria
- FAD & FADH
- glycolysis
- substrate phosphorylation
- pyruvate to acetyl CoA
- oxidative phosphorylation
- citric acid cycle ( Krebs )
- CO2 and H2O
- ETS
- 40 ATP total
- chemiosmosis
- 38 ATP net
- NAD & NADH
3. Know the steps of glycolysis covered in class and where does it take place.
- glucose
- NAD
- PGAL
- pyruvic acid
- Eact ( 2 ATP )
- anaerobic activity
- substrate phosphorylation ( 4 ATP )
4. Know the steps used to convert pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA.
- NAD
- CO2
5. Know the steps of the citric acid cycle ( Krebs cycle ) covered in class. Know that it takes
place twice for each glucose molecule. Where does it take place ?
- acetyl CoA
- NAD & FAD
- oxaloacetate
- substrate phosphorylation ( 2 ATP )
- citrate
- CO2
- alpha ketoglutarate
- anaerobic activity
6. Describe the electron transport system covered in class. How does it work ? Where does it
take place ?
- NAD & FAD
- O2
- H ( atoms )
- final hydrogen acceptor
- H+ ( ions )
- aerobic activity
- electrons
- oxidative phosphorylation
7. Describe the events of chemiosmosis and where does it take place.
- mitochondria
- H+ ( ions )
- cristae
- H ( atoms )
- ATP synthetase
- O2
- ATP
- H2O
- electrons
8. Be able to account for the ATP produced in aerobic respiration, alcohol fermentation, and
lactic acid fermentation.
- total ATP
- substrate ATP
- net ATP
- oxidative ATP
9. Know what is the efficiency of aerobic respiration and fermentation.
10. Be able to describe the events of alcoholic fermentation. What kind of cells carry out
alcoholic fermentation ? Which industries depend on this process ?
- glucose
- CO2
- pyruvate
- ATP ( total and net )
- alcohol
- substrate phosphorylation
11. Be able to describe the events of lactic acid fermentation. What kind of cells carry out lactic
acid fermentation ?
- skeletal muscle
- oxygen debt
- glucose
- fatigue
- pyruvate
- facultative anaerobe
- lactic acid
- ATP ( total and net )
- strenuous activity
- substrate phosphorylation
12. Know that fats and proteins are used to make ATP. How do they enter the metabolic
pathway used to breakdown carbohydrates ( glucose ) ? If you had 50 grams of protein, 50
grams of carbohydrate, and 50 grams of fat, how much energy would we expect to be given
off by each type of organic molecule ?
13. Know what is meant by catabolism and anabolism.