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Download minerals sun O2 CO2 H2O O2 CO2 H2O sugar CO2 H2O cuticle
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The Photosynthetic Process H2O Photosynthesis and Respiration • Photosynthetic process • Cellular respiration • Fermentation sun O2 CO2 sugar Plants are actively interacting with their environment O2 H2O minerals Leaf – regulates gas exchange Photosynthesis requires the coordination between leaf, cells and organelles Leaf Structure cuticle Cell – organizes photosynthetic structures, holds raw materials Organelle – chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis CO2 epidermis Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll vein CO2 H2O Guard cell and stoma Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast in two steps 1. Light reactions – produce energy 2. Calvin cycle – fixes CO2 into sugar • chlorophyll molecules absorb light energy in the red and blue regions of the visible spectrum • chlorophyll reflects and transmits green light • accessory pigments help absorb other wavelengths 1 Glycolysis Cellular Respiration • required in all living cells • methodical breakdown of sugar to release energy • summary of three metabolic steps: 1. Gylcolysis 2. Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle 3. Electron transport system • Glycolysis occurs in cytosol and splits glucose into 2 3-carbon pyruvate molecules • ATP is generated Electron transport system Citric Acid cycle (Krebs cycle) • Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrion where it is broken down into CO2 • ATP is generated Fermentation Summary of Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration And Alcohol Fermentation • occurs in anaerobic conditions in the cytosol • CO2 is released and ATP is generated • glucose only partially degraded – alcohol is byproduct • does not occur in plants 2 ADP +2 Pi glucose 2 NAD+ 2 Ethanol 2 ATP Glycolysis 2 pyruvate 2 NADH + 2 H- • Electrons released during glycolysis and the Citric Acid cycle are carried to the electron transport system • ATP is generated • O2 is consumed Photosynthesis Respiration Fermentation reactants CO2, light glucose, O2 glucose products sugars Energy (ATP) Energy (ATP) O2 CO2, H2O CO2, alcohol chloroplasts Cytosol, mitochondria cytosol Requires energy (light reactions) 36 ATP 2 ATP by-products 2 CO2 location energetics 2 Acetaldehyde 2
