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Name:_______________
Date:_______________
Quiz
Learning, Sensation & Perception, Biology of Psych, Research Methods, & History
Define: define the words below to the best of your ability. (3 pts)
Psychology:
Vocabulary: Choose the term from the list below that best matches each of the following statements. (1 pts each)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Addiction
Applied Research
Basic Research
Conditioned Stimulus
E.
F.
G.
H.
Dependency
Environment
Ethics
Extrinsic Motivation
I.
J.
K.
L.
Heredity
Intrinsic Motivation
Negative Reinforcement
Perception
M.
N.
O.
P.
Punishment
Reliability
Scientific Method
Sensation
Q.
R.
S.
Shaping
Unconditioned Stimulus
Validity
_____ 1. Pure science, occurs when psychologists seek to add to the collective knowledge base in the realm of psychology.
_____ 2. Rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or towards a particular group/culture.
_____ 3. A test’s ability to produce accurate, dependable results.
_____ 4. The genetic characteristics and derived from one's ancestors.
_____ 5. Stimulation of sensory receptors & transmission of information to the brain.
_____ 6. The state an individual experiences when increasing doses of a drug is required to prevent withdrawal.
_____ 7. Rewarding successively closer approximations of a desired behavior.
_____ 8. A reinforcer that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated.
_____ 9. The desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.
_____ 10. A stimulus that produces an innate response.
Main Idea Review: Four choices are given for each statement or question below. Select the best answer. (1 pt per question)
1.
_____ Which of the following samples would be considered most representative of male college students?
a. A group of thirty fraternity brothers from Penn State.
b. A random sample taken between classes in the business wing of various universities.
c. Sixty male members of each class from Princeton, Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth & Columbia.
d. Twenty male members of each class from a cross-section of colleges and universities.
e. One-thousand male college graduates from across the country.
2.
_____ Studying a few subjects in great depth to investigate a rare condition is known as:
a. An experiment
b. A case study
c. Naturalistic observation
d. Correlational research
e. Longitudinal research
3.
_____ In order to demonstrate causation, a researcher must:
a. Manipulate the way a participant responds to some aspect of a situation.
b. Operationalize dependent and independent variables.
c. Develop a hypothesis that predicts the relationship between variables.
d. Shows that the manipulation of one variable invariable leads to predicted changes in another variable.
e. Demonstrate a positive rather than a negative correlation between variables.
4.
_____ A listener-sponsored radio station wants to estimate the amount of money the typical supporter contributes during a
fund-drive. In a sample of 30 supporters, it was discovered that 22 of them gave $60, six gave $1,000, and two gave
$10,000. Based on this sample, which of the following measure of central tendency would provide the most useful
information to the radio station?
a. Median
b. Mode
c. Histogram
d. ANOVA
e. p-value
5.
_____ In most “westerners,” the left hemisphere of the brain is dominant for:
a. Language
b. Logic
c. Analytical reasoning
d. Mathematical reasoning
e. Spatial reasoning
6.
_____ Which of the following best summarizes why people tend to stay in a slightly elevated state of arousal after a crisis has
occurred?
a. Their neurons remain in a state of graded potentiality even after they have fired.
b. Their neurons continue to keep the body in an alert state.
c. Their adrenal glands continue to secret epinephrine even after the crisis is over.
d. Their parasympathetic nervous system remains in a state of flight or flight.
e. Their bloodstream continues to contain elevated levels of adrenaline.
7.
_____ The ability to perceive the front door as a rectangle even when it is open and it casts a different retinal image is known as:
a. Color constancy
b. Closure
c. Shape constancy
d. Size constancy
e. Sensory adaptation
8.
_____ Which of the following is primarily a chemical sense?
a. Tactition
b. Vision
c. Gustation
d. Audition
e. Kinesthesis
9.
_____ The role of the outer ear is to
a. Transduce sound waves to stimulate the ossicles.
b. Conduct sound by exciting the cilia in the inner ear.
c. Protect the eardrum while it tranduces sound.
d. Convey auditory messages to the temporal lobes.
e. Collect and focus sounds from the air.
10.
_____ Individuals in which of the following occupations will potentially least likely to be susceptible to health problems as a
result of disrupted circadian rhythms?
a. Shift nurses
b. Police officers
c. Flight attendants
d. Medical residents
e. College professors
11.
_____ In a sleep study, a researcher observes that the participant’s eyes are beginning to dart as if he were watching a tennis
match. The researcher notes that the participant has entered:
a. Stage 3 sleep
b. Beta sleep
c. REM sleep
d. NREM sleep
e. Delta sleep
12.
_____ Which of the following is the most accurate definition of learning?
a. The result of a variety of experiences that temporarily shape behavior.
b. An enduring change in an organism’s behavior based on experience.
c. The sole result of classical and operant conditioning.
d. The association of experiences due to their occurrence in close proximity.
e. A change in behavior that is not susceptible to extinction.
13.
_____ After having been struck by a car, a dog now exhibits fear responses every time a car approaches. The dog also
exhibits a fear response to the approach of a bus, a truck, a bicycle, and even a child’s wagon. The dog has
undergone a process of:
a. Stimulus discrimination
b. Stimulus generalization
c. Spontaneous recovery
d. Backward conditioning
e. Differential reinforcement
14.
_____ According to Albert Bandura, observational learning can occur even in the absence of
a. Observed consequences of behavior.
b. Direct attention to the behavior.
c. Retention of the observed behavior over time.
d. Ability to reproduce the behavior.
e. Motivation to reproduce the behavior at a later time.
15.
_____ Every time you buy ice cream from the Yellow Brick Road ice cream parlor, you get your over-the-rainbow card
stamped. Once you purchase ten items, you get your next item free. The Yellow Brick Road ice cream parlor has
you on which of the following reinforcement schedules?
a. Variable-ratio
b. Variable-interval
c. Fixed-ratio
d. Fixed-interval
e. Intermittent reinforcement
16.
_____ Zach cries uncontrollably every time his mother takes him down the candy isle in the supermarket and refuses to let
him buy anything. Eventually, Jacob’s mother gives in and lets him choose one candy item to buy if he stops crying.
Jacob’s crying behavior is _____ by his mother.
a. Punished
b. Positively reinforced
c. Negatively reinforced
d. Extinguished
e. Shaped
17.
_____ Through reinforcement, pigeons are taught to peck at paintings by a Monet artist. The fact that pigeons do not peck at
the paintings of DaVinci, Picasso, or Grandma Moses represents:
a. Modeling
b. Reflexive response
c. Distinctive stimulus
d. Stimulus generalization
e. Stimulus discrimination
18.
_____ Which of the following responses were most likely acquired through classical conditioning?
a. The anxiety reaction of a woman who is driving on the highway for the first time after being involved in a major
accident on the highway.
b. The frightened cry of a baby who is disoriented upon waking up from a nap.
c. The uncontrollable blinking of a contact lens wearer who has just gotten something in his eye.
d. The startled cry of a child who has just been awakened in the middle of the night by a loud clap of thunder.
e. The salivation of a laboratory rat who has begun to eat the treat that waited here at the end of a maze.
19.
_____ The initial learning stage in classical conditioning in which the neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with unconditioned
stimulus is known as:
a. Prompting
b. Trial-and-Error learning
c. Acquisition
d. Insight learning
e. Shaping
20.
_____ Operant behaviors are different from those in Classical Conditioning, because in classical conditioning the behaviors are:
a. Voluntary
b. Cognitive
c. Involuntary
d. Observed
e. Reinforced
21.
_____ The correlation between two observed variables is (-0.96)). From this, it can be concluded that:
a. As one variable increases, the other is likely to increase, showing a direct relationship.
b. As one variable increases, the other is likely to decrease, showing an inverse relationship.
c. The two variables do not seem to be correlated.
d. One variable causes the other variable to occur.
e. One variable causes the other variable not to occur.
Vocabulary: Choose the term from the list below that best matches each of the following statements. (1 pts each)
A.
B.
C.
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
D.
E.
F.
Charles Darwin
Edward Thorndike
Edward Tolman
G.
H.
I.
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
John Garcia
J.
K.
L.
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
_____ 1. This behaviorist was concerned with the relationship between reinforcement and learning, and totally discounted the internal
phenomena that were occurring simultaneously.
_____ 2. Conducted the “Little Albert” experiment with Rosalie Rayner to demonstrate classical conditioning phenomena.
_____ 3. Latent learning psychologist who used rats to prove that rats, and thereby humans, can learn without necessarily expressing
their knowledge.
_____ 4. Psychologist who first studied operant conditioning, and whose “law of effect” stated behavior is more likely to reoccur if
reinforced.
_____ 5. Russian dietitian who mistakenly discovered classical conditioning while studying the digestion of dogs.
_____ 6. Classical conditioning psychologist who subjected animals to food laced radiation to study taste aversions.
_____ 7. Observational learning theorist who had children observe authority figures abusing dolls and carrying out various violent
actions and later observed children abusing similar dolls and carrying out similar violent actions.
_____ 8. Scientist who is credited with founding psychology in the late 1800s. He studied the functions of the mind and basic
elements of experience.
_____ 9. American psychologist who is often credited with writing Psychology’s first textbook, Principals of Psychology.
_____ 10. Individual who coined the terms id, ego, and superego to describe the human psyche; treated patients via dialogue and
focused heavily upon sexual desires.