Download Genetic engineering – stepping stones

Genetic engineering – stepping stones
Draw a path across the stepping stones in the correct order for each process.
1) Dolly the sheep – cloning technique
Electric
shock given
to egg cell,
which begins
to divide.
Sheep’s
udder cell
has nucleus
removed.
Developing
embryo
inserted into
surrogate
mother.
Nucleus
removed
from
sheep’s egg
cell.
Udder cell
nucleus
inserted
into egg
cell.
Foetus is a
clone of
udder cell
donor.
2) Transgenic organisms
Restriction
enzymes cut
open the DNA
of recipient
organism.
Transgenic
organism is
cloned.
Gene begins
to be
expressed in
transgenic
organism.
The
required
gene is
removed.
© www.teachitscience.co.uk 2012
New gene is
inserted and
ligase enzymes
rejoin the DNA.
19642
The required
gene is located
in DNA of one
organism.
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Genetic engineering – stepping stones
3) Bacteria and human insulin
Human
insulin is
produced in
significant
quantities.
Transgenic
bacteria are
cloned and
cultured.
Insulin gene
is inserted.
Altered
plasmid is
inserted
into another
bacterium.
Assaying
techniques
are used to
check new
gene.
Plasmid of
bacterial
DNA is cut
open.
Transgenic
bacteria
begin to
produce
insulin.
4) DNA fingerprinting
Restriction
enzymes cut
DNA at
specific
points.
Fragments
of DNA are
put into gel.
Gel
electrophoresis
sorts fragments
according to
size.
Sample of
DNA is taken
from blood,
semen, hair
or saliva.
Radioactive
probes help
to make the
pattern
visible.
Cells are
broken open
and DNA is
separated.
© www.teachitscience.co.uk 2012
19642
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Genetic engineering – stepping stones
Answers
Dolly the sheep – cloning technique
1/2. Sheep’s udder cell has nucleus removed.
1/2. Nucleus removed from sheep’s egg cell.
3. Udder cell nucleus inserted into egg cell.
4. Electric shock given to egg cell, which begins to divide.
5. Developing embryo inserted into surrogate mother.
6. Foetus is a clone of udder cell donor.
Transgenic organisms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The required gene is located in DNA of one organism.
The required gene is removed.
Restriction enzymes cut open the DNA of recipient organism.
New gene is inserted and ligase enzymes rejoin the DNA.
Gene begins to be expressed in transgenic organism.
Transgenic organism is cloned.
Bacteria and human insulin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Plasmid of bacterial DNA is cut open.
Insulin gene is inserted.
Altered plasmid is inserted into another bacterium.
Assaying techniques are used to check new gene.
Transgenic bacteria begin to produce insulin.
Transgenic bacteria are cloned and cultured.
Human insulin is produced in significant quantities.
DNA fingerprinting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sample of DNA is taken from blood, semen, hair or saliva.
Cells are broken open and DNA is separated.
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific points.
Fragments of DNA are put into gel.
Gel electrophoresis sorts fragments according to size.
Radioactive probes help to make the pattern visible.
© www.teachitscience.co.uk 2012
19642
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