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Download KEY CONCEPT Enzymes are catalysts for chemical
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KEY CONCEPT Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things. A catalyst lowers activation energy. • Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions. – decrease activation energy – increase reaction rate • Activation energy usually comes from an increase in temp – Slow process • Catalyst: substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction – Speeds up reaction • Enzymes reduce energy needed (activation energy) to start a chemical reaction Enzymes allow chemical reactions to occur under tightly controlled conditions. • Enzymes are catalysts in living things. – Enzymes are needed for almost all processes. – Most enzymes are proteins. Controlled Settings • Human body ~98.6°F – Can’t raise body temp to start reactions. • Internal reactions would be too slow to sustain life without a catalyst • Ex: Saliva – Breaks down starch 1,000,000x faster with amylase • Disruptions in homeostasis can prevent enzymes from functioning. – Enzymes function best in a small range of conditions. – Changes in temperature and pH can break hydrogen bonds. – An enzyme’s function depends on its structure. • An enzyme’s structure allows only certain reactants to bind to the enzyme. – substrates – active site substrates (reactants) enzyme Substrates bind to an enzyme at certain places called active sites. • The lock‐and‐key model helps illustrate how enzymes function. – substrates brought together – bonds in substrates weakened Substrates bind to an enzyme at certain places called active sites. The enzyme brings substrates together and weakens their bonds. The catalyzed reaction forms a product that is released from the enzyme. Exothermic Reaction Endothermic Reaction Catalyzed Reactions