Download THE MID YEAR EXAM GRADE WILL BE DIVIDED 90 % FROM

Egyptian American International School
Science Department2016 – 2017
Mid-year Exam Study Guide
Grade 11 Modern Biology
THE MID YEAR EXAM GRADE WILL BE DIVIDED 90 % FROM THEORITICL AND 10 % FROM PRCTICAL EXAM
The exam is divided into 5 parts: ( 2 HOURS EXAM)
PART A: 50 Multiple Choice questions 1 m each
PART B: 10 Completions 1 m each
PART C: 10 Match 1 m each
PART D : 5 True or false 1 m each + a problem 5 m
PART E: 12 Short essay Questions (answer 10 ) 2 m each
PART F: 1 Bonus Question
The exam includes:
Chapter 8: Cell Reproduction
SECTION 8:1 Chromosomes
Make sure you know the following:
Describe the structure of a chromosome.
Identify the differences in structure between prokaryotic chromosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes.
Compare the numbers of chromosomes in different species
Explain the differences between sex chromosomes and autosomes.
Distinguish between diploid and haploid cells.
Vocabulary
Chromosome
Histone
Chromatid
Centromere
Chromatin
Sex chromosome
Autosome
Homologous chromosome
Karyotype
Diploid
Haploid
SECTION 8: 2 Cell division
Make sure you know the following:
Describe the events of cell division in prokaryotes.
Name the two parts of the cell that are equally divided during cell division in eukaryotes.
Summarize the events of interphase.
Describe the stages of mitosis
Compare cytokinesis in animal cells with cytokinesis in plant cells.
Vocabulary
Binary fission
Mitosis
Asexual reproduction
Meiosis
Gamete
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Prophase
Spindle fiber
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cell plate
SECTION 8: 3 Meiosis
Make sure you know the following:
Compare the end products of meiosis with those of mitosis.
Summarize the events of meiosis I.
Explain crossing-over and how it contributes to the production of unique individuals.
Summarize the events of meiosis II.
Compare spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Define sexual reproduction.
Vocabulary
Synapsis
Tetrad
Crossing-over
Genetic recombination
Independent assortment
Spermatogenesis
Page 1 of 6
Oogenesis
Polar body
FIGURES
8.2 P.152
8.3 P. 153
8.4 P.154
8.5 P 155
Sexual reproduction
8.6 P 156
8.11 P. 162
HANDOUTS
Class work sheets: 8-1 + 8.2 + 8.3
Study guide sheet: 8-1
Study guide sheet: 8 -2
Study guide sheet: 8 -3
Vocab. Sheet: 8-1
Vocab. Sheet: 8-2
Vocab. Sheet: 8-3
Chapter Revision sheet A
Chapter Revision sheet B
Chapter 9: Fundamentals of Genetics
SECTION 9:1 Mendel’s Legacy
Make sure you know the following:
Describe how Mendel was able to control how his pea plants were pollinated.
Describe the steps in Mendel’s experiments on true-breeding garden peas.
Distinguish between dominant and recessive traits.
State two laws of heredity that were developed from Mendel’s work.
Describe how Mendel’s results can be explained by scientific knowledge of genes and chromosomes.
Vocabulary
Genetics
Heredity
Trait
Pollination
Self-pollination
Cross-pollination
True-breeding
P generation
F1 generation
F2 generation
Dominant
Recessive
Law of segregation
Law of independent assortment
Molecular genetics
Allele
SECTION 9: 2 Genetic crosses
Make sure you know the following:
Differentiate between the genotype and the phenotype of an organism.
Explain how probability is used to predict the results of genetic crosses.
Use a Punnett square to predict the results of monohybrid and dihybrid genetic crosses.
Explain how a testcross is used to show the genotype of an individual whose phenotype expresses the dominant trait.
Differentiate a monohybrid cross from a dihybrid cross.
Vocabulary
Genotype
Phenotype
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Probability
TABLES
9.1 P 176
FIGURES
9.3 P 175
Monohybrid cross
Punnett square
Genotypic ratio
Phenotypic ratio
Testcross
9.7 + 9.8 P 182 9.9 + 9.10 P 183
9.11 P 184 9.12 P 185
Complete dominance
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Dihybrid cross.
9.13 P 186
HANDOUTS
Class work sheets: 9-1 + 9.2
Study guide sheet: 9-1
Study guide sheet: 9 -2
Vocab. Sheet: 9-1
Vocab. Sheet: 9-2
Chapter Revision sheet A
Chapter Revision sheet B
CHAPTER 10: DNA , RNA and protein synthesis
Sec.10-2 : DNA Structure
Make sure you know the following:
Evaluate the contributions of Franklin and Wilkins in helping Watson and Crick discover DNA’s double helix structure.
Describe the three parts of a nucleotide.
Summarize the role of covalent and hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA.
Relate the role of the base-pairing rules to the structure of DNA.
Vocabulary
Nucleotide
Deoxyribose
Nitrogenous base
Purine
Pyrimidine
Base-pairing rules
Complementary base pair
Base sequence
Sec.10-3: DNA Replication
Make sure you know the following:
Summarize the process of DNA replication.
Identify the role of enzymes in the replication of DNA.
Describe how complementary base pairing guides DNA replication.
Describe how errors are corrected during DNA replication.
Vocabulary
DNA replication
Helicase
Replication fork
DNA polymerase
Mutation
Sec.10-4: Protein Synthesis
Make sure you know the following:
Outline the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to protein.
Compare the structure of RNA with that of DNA.
Summarize the process of transcription.
Describe the importance of the genetic code.
Compare the role of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in translation.
Vocabulary
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Transcription
Translation
Ribose
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
FIGURES
10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8, 10-10.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
RNA polymerase
Promoter
Termination signal
Genetic code
Codon
Anticodon
Genome.
HANDOUTS
Study Guide Sheet: 10.2
Study Guide Sheet: 10.3
Study Guide Sheet 10.4
Chapter Revision sheet A
Chapter Revision sheet B
Classwork sheet 10.2
Classwork sheet 10.3
Classwork sheet 10.4
CHAPTER 12: Inheritance patterns and human genetics
12.1: Chromosomes and Inheritance
Make sure you know the following:
Distinguish between sex chromosomes and autosomes.
Explain the role of sex chromosomes in sex determination.
Describe how an X- or Y-linked gene affects the inheritance of traits.
Explain the effect of crossing-over on the inheritance of genes in linkage groups.
Distinguish between chromosome mutations and gene mutations.
Vocabulary
Sex chromosome
Autosome
Sex-linked trait
Linked gene
Chromosome map
Map unit
Germ-cell Mutation
Somatic-cell mutation
Lethal mutation
Deletion
Inversion
Translocation
Nondisjunction
Point mutation
Substitution
Frameshift mutation
Insertion mutation
12.2: Human Genetics
Make sure you know the following:
Analyze pedigrees to determine how genetic traits and genetic disorders are inherited.
Summarize the different patterns of inheritance seen in genetic traits and genetic disorders.
Explain the inheritance of ABO blood groups.
Compare sex-linked traits with sex -influenced traits.
Explain how geneticists can detect and treat genetic disorders.
Vocabulary
Pedigree
Carrier
Genetic disorder
Polygenic
Multiple allele
Sex-influenced trait
Huntington’s disease
Amniocentesis
Chorionic villi
Sampling genetic counseling
Colorblindness
Down syndrome
TABLES
12-1, 12-3
FIGURES
12-2, 12-3, 12-5, 12-6, 12-7, 12-8, 12-9
HANDOUTS
Study Guide sheet: 12-1
Study guide 12 – 2
Classwork sheet 12,1
Classwork sheet 12.2
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Genetic marker
Hemophilia
Monosomy
Phenylketonuria
Chapter Revision sheet A
Chapter Revision sheet B
CHAPTER 15: Evolution
Sec.15-1 : History of evolution
Make sure you know the following:
Define the biological process of evolution.
Summarize the history of scientific ideas about evolution.
Describe Charles Darwin’s contributions to scientific thinking about evolution.
Analyze the reasoning in Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
Relate the concepts of adaptation and fitness to the theory of natural selection.
Vocabulary
Evolution
Strata
Natural selection
Adaptation
Fitness
Sec.15-2 : Evidence of evolution
Make sure you know the following:
Relate several inferences about the history of life that are supported by evidence from fossils and rocks.
Explain how biogeography provides evidence that species evolve adaptations to their environments.
Explain how the anatomy and development of organisms provide evidence of shared ancestry.
Compare the use of biological molecules with other types of analysis of evolutionary relationships.
Describe the ongoing development of evolutionary theory.
Vocabulary
Fossil
Superposition
Relative age
Absolute age
Biogeography
Homologous structure
Sec.15-3 : Evolution in action
Objectives
Describe how convergent evolution can result among different species.
Explain how divergent evolution can lead to species diversity.
Compare artificial selection and natural selection.
Explain how organisms can undergo coevolution.
Vocabulary
Convergent evolution
Divergent evolution
Adaptive radiation
Artificial selection
Coevolution
FIGURES
15.4 - 15.6 – 15.12 HANDOUTS
Study guide sheet: 15-1
Study guide sheet: 15-2
Study guide sheet: 15-3
Chapter Revision sheet A
Chapter Revision sheet B
Classwork sheet 15.1
Classwork sheet 15.2
Classwork sheet 15.3
Analogous structure
Vestigial structure
Phylogeny