Download Honors Biology Final Exam-‐Part 2-‐Semester 2

Honors Biology Final Exam-­‐Part 2-­‐Semester 2 Ch. 9-­‐14,16-­‐20 Cell Division, DNA, Genetics, DNA Tech, Evolution Review Game 1. The process of cell division which produces cells identical to the original cell is: 2. The purpose of meiosis is to produce ____________ . 3. Body cells are 2n or ________________ . 4. Gametes are n or _________________ . 5. Both mitosis and meiosis start with diploid cells with _______________ chromosomes. 6. Where in the body would meiosis occur? 7. A picture of all the chromosomes in one cell arranged in pairs from largest to smallest is a: 8. The process in meiosis that increases the variation of gametes is: 9. List the steps of mitosis in order. 10. Describe what happens in each phase of mitosis. 11. Where in the body does mitosis occur? 12. What two molecule types make up a chromosome? 13. There are many ___________ on a chromosome. 14. The pinched in center of a duplicated chromosome is called the ______________ . 15. DNA is made of subunits called: 16. A nucleotide is made of: 17. Why is DNA Replication necessary? 18. The steps of the DNA ladder are made of 19. DNA carries information in: 20. If the DNA triplets were ATG-­‐CGT, the mRNA codons would be 21. Which substances are found in RNA but not in DNA? 22. An allele is a version of a ___________ . 23. TT is an example of a __________________ dominant genotype. 24. Tt is an example of a _____________________ genotype. 25. If two parents are heterozygous for a trait, what is the chance that they will have offspring with the recessive phenotype? 26. A trait that is located on the X sex chromosome is called 27. A diagram showing the occurrence of a trait in a family through the generations is a: 28. What are the sex chromosomes for male/female? 29. What sex chromosomes are in an egg/ sperm? 30. A mutation that has no effect on the protein produced is called: 31. A mutation that causes an early stop is called: 32. What are the two genotypes for type A blood? 33. What is the genotype for type O blood? 34. A mutation involving a piece of chromosome breaking off of one chromosome and reattaching to another: 35. The type of inheritance when both versions of the trait are expressed in the heterozygote. 36. Changes in allele frequencies within a population are referred to as: 37. Organisms that look alike and interbreed to produce fertile offspring 38. Any trait that better enables an organism to survive in its environment 39. Effect that occurs after a disaster that drastically reduces population size. 40. A structure which has no function in the current organism. 41. Similar structures in organisms that can be attributed to a common ancestor. 42. Similar structures in organisms that are a result of response to similar environmental pressures. 43. Enzymes that are used to cut DNA at specific base sequences. 44. The lab process used to create DNA fingerprints Answers: 1. mitosis 2. gametes or sex cells 3. diploid 4. haploid 5. duplicated 6. reproductive organs 7. karyotype 8. crossing-­‐over 9. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase= PMAT 10. prophase-­‐ cell prepares: chromosomes condense, spindle forms, nuclear membrane breaks down metaphase-­‐duplicated chromosomes move to the equator anaphase-­‐chromosomes are pulled apart telophase-­‐cells return to normal, everything opposite of prophase 11. almost everywhere 12. DNA and protein 13. Genes 14. Centromere 15. Nucleotides 16. 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base 17. So each new cell has a complete set of DNA 18. Pairs of nitrogenous bases 19. The sequence of nitrogenous bases 20. UAC-­‐GCA 21. Uracil, ribose 22. Gene 23. Homozygous 24. Heterozygous 25. ¼ or 25% 26. X-­‐linked 27. Pedigree 28. Male= XY female= XX 29. Egg= X sperm= X or Y 30. Silent 31. Nonsense 32. IAIA or IAi 33. ii 34. translocation 35. codominance 36. microevolution 37. species 38. adaptation or adaptive trait 39. bottleneck effect 40. vestigial 41. homologous 42. analogous 43. restriction enzymes 44. gel electrophoresis