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From Roman Republic to Empire The City of Rome Establishing a Republic ● After several kings and tyrants, the Romans established a republic *Review: What is a tyrant? What is a Republic? ● Republic-A gov’t where citizens exert power by having the right to vote for their leaders ● Citizenship in Rome=free-born males Social Classes in Rome Patricians + Plebeians Patricians ● Wealthy landowners who held most of the power ● Inherited power and social status ● Claimed ancestry gave them the power to make laws Plebeians ● ● ● ● Common farmers, artisans, and merchants Majority of population Had right to vote Couldn’t hold important gov’t positions Tribunes ● Plebeians formed their own assembly ● Elected tribunes as representatives ● Tribunes job was to protect plebeians’ rights The Twelve Tables ● ● ● ● Written law code Protected plebeians Basis for Roman law All free citizens had a right to the protection of the law A Balanced Government ● Rome claimed to have a balanced gov’t ● Best features of a monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy Consuls ● Two officials ○ Comparable to kings ○ Command the army ○ Directed the gov’t ○ 1 year term ○ Couldn’t be reelected for 10 years ○ One could veto the other The Senate ● Comparable to an oligarchy ○ 300 men ○ Upper class ○ Later plebeians were allowed Assemblies ● Democratic side of gov’t ○ Elected tribunes ○ Made laws for the common people Dictators ● Leader with absolute power ○ Only in times of crisis ○ Rule lasted 6 months ○ Commanded the army ○ Chosen by consuls ○ Elected by senate Section Two: Power to Problems Roman Expansion Rome Expands its Territory ● As Rome expanded its territory, the republic and government grew more and more unstable Two Major Problems ● Two major problems emerged ○ Increased gap between the rich and the poor ○ Breakdown of the once loyal military Read and take notes on “The Roman Empire” to find out what happens next!