Download Unit 1 - Review Sheet 2010 IB

IB Biology (SL) Review
U
Unniitt 11 –
–B
Biioocchheem
miissttrryy
Chapter 1 - Chemical Basis of Life
1. Identify sub-atomic particles, isotopes, radioisotopes and valence electrons.
2. Give examples of practical applications or radioisotopes.
3. Identify the importance of electronegativity in determining the type of chemical
bonds that form.
4. Identify and explain the special properties of water and how they relate to hydrogen
bonding.
5. Identify pH as a relative scale of H+ ion concentration.
6. Describe how acid-base buffers operate.
7. Identify the following functional groups: hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, amino,
sulfhydryl and phosphate.
8. Identify the name, structure, chemical properties and biological significance of
carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids.
9. Define the term isomer and describe the relationship between chemical structure and
chemical properties.
10. Differentiate between condensation and hydrolysis reactions.
11. Differentiate between spontaneous and non-spontaneous reactions and the importance
of biochemical coupling.
12. State the first and second law of thermodynamics and give a real life example of each.
13. What is activation energy and how do enzymes operate to decrease the activation
energy of a reaction?
14. Enzymes are said to be specific in their function. What is it about enzymes, which
leads to this specificity?
15. Describe the “induction-fit” and “lock and key” models.
16. Describe the affect of the following variables on enzyme activity:
enzyme concentration
substrate concentration
temperature
pH
IB Biology (SL) Review
Chapter 2 - Cellular Respiration
1. Summarize the overall cellular respiration reaction
(i.e. C6H12 O6 + 6O2
CO2 + 6H2O + energy)
2. Describe the importance of ATP to cellular metabolism.
ATP
energy input
ADP+ Pi
energy output
(for diverse cellular
reactions)
3. Respiration can be divided into 3 distinct steps. For each step, state the reactants,
products and location of reaction.
4. Describe the anatomy of a mitochondrion
5. Trace the synthesis of ATP, NADH and FADH2 during glycolysis and the Kreb's
Cycle.
6. Describe the method by which NADH and FADH2 are converted into ATP in the
electron transport chain.
7. What is the total yield of ATP for each glucose molecule used in aerobic respiration?
How does this total compare with that from anaerobic respiration?
8. Describe the selective advantage that eukaryotes experience due to the fact that they
possess mitochondria?
9. Describe the related pathways that allow ATP to be generated from proteins, lipids
nucleic acids and carbohydrates other than glucose
10. Describe anaerobic pathways (ie. lactate fermentation and alcohol fermentation).
What is the function of lactate fermentation in eukaryotic cells.
IB Biology (SL) Review
Chapter 3 - Photosynthesis
1. Describe photosynthesis in a single, balance chemical equation.
2. On a graph, show the relative absorption spectra for chlorophyll a and b.
3. Explain how the other photosynthetic pigments act in conjunction with chlorophyll a
and b, to obtain energy from the sun. Describe the action of Photosystem I and II in
relation to the light dependent reaction.
4. Describe how the products of the light dependent reaction contribute to the lightindependent reaction.
5. Illustrate the internal structure of a chloroplast and indicate the distinct regions in
which the light-dependent and the light-independent reactions occur.
6. How does photosynthesis lead to the production of Oxygen gas?
7. How many CO2 molecules must enter the Calvin-Benson cycle to produce one sugar
phosphate?
8. Explain why a solution containing isolated chlorophyll molecules fluoresces when
exposed to bright white light.
9. Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Describe how specific
enzymes, the membrane bound organelles and the increase in membrane surface area
facilitates both processes.
Preparation is a key
step to success!
Ask questions about
material that you don’t
understand.