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GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE OXIDATION CITRIC ACID CYCLE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION ATP Distinguish between: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE G FERMENTATION COUPLED REACTIONS METABOLISM ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS NADH & FADH2 REGULATION OF CELLULAR METABOLISM ATP SYNTHASE Distinguish between: OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Citric Acid Cycle: Occurs after Pyruvate Oxidation: Occurs after Glycolysis: “Sugar breaking.” _______________ in cellular respiration. Location: ___________________ Products per molecule glucose: ___________________________ _______________ in cellular respiration. Location: ___________________ Products per molecule glucose: _____________________________ Location: ____________________ Products per molecule glucose: ____________________________ Occurs in two metabolic processes: ____________________ and ____________________ Positive G: Reactions could be ATP: Adenine Triphosphate is a Oxidative Phosphorylation: Final described as ________________ and ________________. Energy is __________. nucleic acid that spontaneously breaks to yield _____ and ____. This process ________ energy. stage of cellular respiration. Location: _____________________ Consists of Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthase. Products per molecule glucose: _____________________________ Metabolism: The complete set of Coupled Reactions: Two reactions Fermentation: Alternate metabolic __________ for a living organism, involving the change of matter and energy. that are both _____________ because energy produced by a spontaneous reaction can fuel a non-spontaneous one. path to cellular respiration when ________ is not present. Fermentation produces ___ ATP molecules while cellular respiration produces ___ ATP molecules. Fermentation allows for regeneration of NAD+ for g_______________ to continue. NADH & FADH2: High energy First law of thermodynamics: Electron Transport Chain: intermediates that are oxidizing agents. They hold ___________ that are eventually discarded in the oxidative phosphorylation, to allow _____ to be made. Energy is _________; energy is neither created nor destroyed. NADH & FADH2 give up __________ to power active pumping of ____ through transmembrane proteins from ____________________ (location) to ____________________ (location). This pumping forms a concentration gradient. ______ is the final electron acceptor. Oxidation: ______ of electrons, ATP Synthase: Trans-membrane Regulation of Cell Metabolism: meaning an oxidized molecule is more ____. (Hint: The tilted ‘x’ in “oxidation” looks like ‘+’.) protein that works passively through chemiosmosis. As ___ moves through the protein from _____________ to ________________, the protein’s parts turn like gears. Each turn results in _____ and ___ becoming _____. Important because if creation of ATP was a one-step process, (1) ________________________ and (2) ________________________. Metabolism is inhibited by excess products (f___________ inhibition), stimulated by excess reactants (like ADP), and controlled in other ways. Negative G: Reactions could be described as ________________ and ________________. Energy is __________. Reduction: ______ of electrons, meaning an oxidized molecule is more ____.