Download STUDY GUIDE FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cellular

STUDY GUIDE FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: Transfer of energy from organic
compounds (especially GLUCOSE) to ATP.
2.
AEROBIC: cellular respiration WITH O2
3.
ANEROBIC: cellular respiration WITHOUT O2
4.
TWO STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION:
a. STAGE 1: Glucose is converted to Pyruvate producing small
amounts of ATP and NADH.
b. STAGE 2: If O2, then: PYR and NADH make lots of ATP;
if no O2, then Lactate or Ethanol and CO2 are produced.
SEE FIGURE 10 FROM PAGE 104 IIN THE TEXTBOOK.
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STAGE 1: BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE
1.
Occurs in cell’s cytoplasm
2.
Process of glucose breakdown is called GLYCOLOSIS
3.
Glycolsis is an ANAEROBIC process that requires ENZYMES
and results in a 6 carbon glucose being broken down into 2three carbon Pyruvate molecules
STAGE 2: PRODUCTION OF ATP
1.
IN THE PRESENCE OF O2: Pyruvate from glycolysis enters
the MITOCHONDRION and is converted to a 2 carbon
compound (Acetyl group). Acetyl attaches to a conenzyme
A (CoA)=Acetyl-CoA
2.
Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle.
ELECTRON CHAIN TRANSPORT
1.
Electrons are donated NADH and FADH2 pass through an electron
transport chain
2. In EUKARYOTIC cells,
a. ETC is in inner mitochondrial membrane
b. Electron energy pumps hydrogens out
c. Hydrogens diffuse across the membrane back to the inside via
a carrier protein that ads a PHOSPHATE group to ADP
d. ADP + PO4 = ATP
e. At the end of the chain spent electrons, Hydrogen ions and
O2 combine to form H20.
RESPIRATION IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN
1.
No O2, No ETC function. No electrons transferred from NADH
therefore NAD+ is not recycled in the ETC but is recycled in
ANAEROBIC METABOLISM.
2.
GLUC—glycolysis yields 2 PYR.
3.
Electrons from NADH are transferred to PYR yielding LACTATE
(This is called LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION). [LACTIC ACID
BUILD-UP IN YOUR MUSCLES CASUES THE BURN YOU
EXPEREINCE IN DANCE]
4.
Another type of Anaerobic Metabolism (fermentation) is
ALCOHOL FERMENTATION. In this case the 2 PYR from
glycolysis are broken down, releasing CO2 and forming the 2carbon compound, ETHANOL. [THIS IS HOW BEER IS MADE].