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Bell Ringer Use your device to find and download this app: Socrative Student Take the Chapter 1 Pre-Test Devices Down Please silence and flip device on desk WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? What do you already know? Psychology: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. 5 Goals of Psychology Observe Behavior Describe Behavior Explain Behavior Predict Behavior Control Behavior Psychology Careers Doctoral Degrees Awarded in Psychology Experimental 6.4 Industrial/ Organizational 4.2 Other 18.4 Clinical 39.9 Personality and Social 4.8 Education and School Developmental 5.5 5.2 Counseling 15.6 History of Psychology Wilhelm Wundt-Founder of Modern Psychology 1879- “birth year” of psychology Introduction of Scientific Method Social Science rooted in Natural Sciences Psychological laboratories established Structuralism & Functionalism The Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Köhler “Perceptions are more than the sums of their parts. Rather, they are wholes that give shape, or meaning, to the parts.” Believe learning is active and purposeful Biological Perspective Charles Darwin Emphasizes the influence of biology on our behavior Our mental processes are made possible through: Nervous System Brain Heredity Influences of hormones and genes Twin Studies Psychoanalytic Perspective Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung Attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts Focused on abnormal behavior Freudian Slip, Dream Analysis Behaviorism/Learning Perspective Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Albert Bandura Psychology should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes Rewards and Punishments shape our learning Pavlov’s Dogs, Little Albert, Classical and Operant Conditioning Humanistic Perspective Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers Studies conscious experience, the individual’s freedom to choose, and the capacity for personal growth People are basically good Whole person is different from the sum of all the parts Influenced by Gestalt Psychologists Hierarchy of Needs, Free Will, Self-Actualization Cognitive Perspective Jean Piaget (Child Development) Focuses on how people think– how we take in, process, store, and retrieve information Roots in Structuralism, functionalism, and Gestalt psychology Sociocultural Perspective Focuses on how thinking or behavior changes in different contexts or situations Ethnicity, gender, culture, socioeconomic status, etc. Part of Social Psychology Applying Perspectives Andrea Yates Trial What perspective best explains her behavior? Cognitive: Mental functioning– she thought she was possessed by the devil and her children were not developing properly Biological: Biological defect, bipolar diagnosis, neurotransmitter problems, postpartum depression, or mood disorder that runs in the family Sociocultural: Family dynamics; husband and extended family not supportive Behavioral: Learned response; negative environmental influences Psychoanalytic: Childhood conflicts or trauma results in unconscious forces prevailing Humanistic: Lost faith in self as a mother; hopelessness