* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Operant Conditioning - AP Psychology: 6(A)
Behavioral modernity wikipedia , lookup
Symbolic behavior wikipedia , lookup
Observational methods in psychology wikipedia , lookup
Abnormal psychology wikipedia , lookup
Learning theory (education) wikipedia , lookup
Psychophysics wikipedia , lookup
Theory of planned behavior wikipedia , lookup
Thin-slicing wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Attribution (psychology) wikipedia , lookup
Theory of reasoned action wikipedia , lookup
Parent management training wikipedia , lookup
Sociobiology wikipedia , lookup
Descriptive psychology wikipedia , lookup
Insufficient justification wikipedia , lookup
Applied behavior analysis wikipedia , lookup
Verbal Behavior wikipedia , lookup
Behavior analysis of child development wikipedia , lookup
Psychological behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Classical conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning • A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment. Classical v. Operant • They both use acquisition, discrimination, SR, generalization and extinction. •Classical Conditioning is automatic (respondent behavior). Dogs automatically salivate over meat, then bell- no thinking involved. •Operant Conditioning involves behavior where one can influence their environment with behaviors which have consequences (operant behavior). Is the organism learning associations between events that it doesn’t control? Classical Conditioning Is the organism learning associations between its behavior and resulting events? Operant Conditioning Edward Thorndike • Law of Effect: rewarded behavior is likely to recur. B.F. Skinner Shaping • A procedure in Operant Conditioning in which reinforcers guide behavior closer and closer towards a goal. Operant Conditioning Chamber Conditioning Reinforcer • Any event that STRENGTHENS the behavior it follows. Two Types of Reinforcement: Positive and Negative Positive Reinforcement • Strengthens a response by presenting a stimulus after a response. Negative Reinforcement • Strengthens a response by reducing or removing an aversive stimulus. Types of Reinforcers Primary Reinforcer • An innately reinforcing stimulus Conditioned (Secondary) Reinforcer • A stimulus that gains it reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer. Immediate v. Delayed Reinforcers Reinforcement Schedules Continuous Reinforcement • Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs. Quick Acquisition Quick Extinction Partial Reinforcement • Reinforcing a response only part of the time. • The acquisition process is slower. • Greater resistance to extinction. Fixed-ratio Schedules • A schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses. Example: I give cookie monster a cookie every FIVE times he sings “C is for cookie”. Variable-ratio Schedule • A schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses. Example: I give Homer a donut at random times when he says “DOH!!!” Fixed-interval Schedule • A schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed. Example: I give Chloe a treat every time she runs the maze for 2 minutes. Variable-interval Schedule • A schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals. Pop Quizzes PP Does punishment work?