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J. Watson Behaviorism- Watson articulated what the field of behaviorism (and psychology of the time) would be. This included the goals and methods of psychology. Behaviorism should apply the techniques of animal research(i.e. conditioning) to the study of human beings Behavior can be reduced to relationships between stimuli and responses, the S—R model. A stimulus can be shown to cause a response or a response can be tracked by a stimulus. life’s most complicated acts are but combinations of these simple stimulus– response patterns of behavior.” Radical BehavioristsOnly look at observable behavior and say nothing about internal events Instinct does not exists in humanslearning occurs because of association principles (recency, frequency, contiguity) & rejected reinforcements Purely objective, experimental branch of natural science No need for introspection or states of consciousness If introspection is useful than it should be able to be used in all branches of science, not just psychology Famous for experiments with Little Albert--- ---Watson paired a loud sound with the presentation of a furry white bunny --Eventually, after many pairings, just seeing the furry white bunny was enough to trigger the reaction Albert usually had with the loud sound….. ---Expanding classical conditioning of Pavlov to humans ---Also demonstrated transfer of learning, because Little Albert would have the same reaction to any furry, white creature like the rabbit. ----Said the goal of psychology was the manipulation and control of human behavior…….. ----Said there were four types of behavior 1) Explicit (overt) learned behavior (talking, writing, etc). 2) Implicit (covert) learned behavior (fight or flight response to feared object) 3) Explicit unlearned behavior (blinking, sneezing) 4) Implicit unlearned behavior (glands, circulation system). …..Said the methods for studying behavior were 1) Observation (natural or experimental) 2)Conditioned-reflex method (like Pavlov) 3) Testing (behavioral samples) 4)Verbal reports (like overt behavior).