Download Human Genetic Disorders

Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Modern Genetics
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Guided Reading and Study
Human Genetic Disorders
This section describes how changes in the DNA of some genes have affected certain
traits in humans.
Use Target Reading Skills
As you read, compare and contrast the types of genetic disorders by completing the
table below.
Disorder
Description
Cystic fibrosis
Abnormally thick mucus
Cause
Loss of three DNA bases
Sickle-cell disease
Hemophilia
Down syndrome
Causes of Genetic Disorders
1.
An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes is called a(n) ________________________.
2.
What causes genetic disorders?
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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Modern Genetics
3.
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Guided Reading and Study
What is cystic fibrosis?
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4.
Is the following sentence true or false? Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation that
is the dominant allele of a gene. ________________________
5.
Circle the letter of the protein that is not normal in people with sicklecell disease.
a. mucus
c. red blood cells
b. hemoglobin
d. clotting protein
6.
The allele for the sickle-cell trait is ________________________ with the
normal allele.
7.
Is the following sentence true or false? Hemophilia is caused by a
dominant allele on the X chromosome. ________________________
8.
Hemophilia occurs more often in ________________________.
9.
Circle the letter of the cause of Down syndrome.
a. recessive allele
b. dominant allele
c. too many chromosomes
d. too few chromosomes
10. Down syndrome most often occurs when ________________________
fail to separate properly during meiosis.
Pedigrees
11. A chart or “family tree” that tracks which members of a family have a
certain trait is called a(n) ________________________.
12. Is the following sentence true or false? On a pedigree, a circle represents
a male. ________________________
Managing Genetic Disorders
13. How are people helped when they have a genetic disorder?
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Modern Genetics
14. A ________________________ is a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell.
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Modern Genetics
■
Guided Reading and Study
Advances in Genetics
This section describes some of the research in genetic technology and how it can be used.
Use Target Reading Skills
Before you read, preview the red headings. In the graphic organizer below, ask a
question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions.
Advances in Genetics
Question
What is selective breeding?
Answer
Selective breeding is . . .
Selective Breeding
1.
List the three methods that people have used to develop organisms with
desirable traits.
a. ________________________ b. ________________________
c. ________________________
2.
The process of selecting a few organisms with the desired traits to serve
as parents of the next generation is called ________________________.
3.
What is inbreeding? ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4.
Is the following sentence true or false? In hybridization, breeders cross two
individuals that are genetically identical. ________________________
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Modern Genetics
5.
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Guided Reading and Study
Crossing corn that produces many kernels with corn that is resistant to
disease is an example of what?________________________
Cloning
6.
Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about cloning.
a. A clone has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced.
b. A cutting is one way to make a clone of an animal.
c. It’s easier to clone an animal than it is to clone a plant.
7.
Is the following sentence true or false? Cloning can be done only in
animals. ________________________
Genetic Engineering
8.
In genetic engineering, genes from one organism are transferred into the
________________________ of another organism.
9.
Complete this flowchart about genetic engineering in bacteria.
Genetic Engineering in Bacteria
Human DNA is spliced into the
DNA in bacteria.
The
the human gene.
, which is a small ring of
takes up the plasmid. It now contains
The bacterial cell reproduces the
that the human gene codes for.
10. What is gene therapy?
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Learning About Human Genetics
11. All the DNA in one cell of an organism is a(n) ________________________.
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13. How is a DNA fingerprint produced?
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© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Modern Genetics
12. What has been the goal of the Human Genome Project?
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