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DNA Structure and Function Vocabulary Biology Berry DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • the master copy of an organism’s information code that contains the instructions used to form all of an organism’s enzymes and structural proteins. Deoxyribose sugar • The sugar found in the side chains of DNA and has 5 sides. Phosphate group • a phosphorous atom with 4 covalently attached oxygen atoms, which bonds to deoxyribose sugar in DNA. Nucleotide • Subunits of nucleic acid formed from a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. Nitrogenous base • Carbon ring structure found in DNA and RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen – Adenine – Guanine – Cytosine – Thymine (found in DNA only) – Uracil (found in RNA only) Base pair • To form the DNA molecule, bases pair together across the double helix structure. Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G). These are the only pairs possible. Amino Acid • Basic building blocks of protein molecules